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global health > Lec 26 toxins > Flashcards

Lec 26 toxins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference btw g neg and g pos cells?

A

G pos have a thicker layer of peptidoglycan, g neg has a thicker outer liposaccharide membrane

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2
Q

Endotoxin is recoignized by __ immunity

A

innate

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3
Q

Where do endotoxins come from?

A

they are fragments of g neg bacteria broken off

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4
Q

LPS disease symptoms

A

fever vomit tiredness

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5
Q

Excessive inflammatory response leads to what for LPS?

A

Septic shock because of host response

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6
Q

C tetani makes

A

tetanus toxin

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7
Q

C botulinum makes

A

botulism toxin

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8
Q

The 4 exotoxin groups are

A

poreforming, AB, superantigens, seconday metabolites

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9
Q

How are pore forming toxins formed?

A

They start off with a monomer binding to a host receptor, and then it oligomerizes

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10
Q

What disease is formed by listeriolysin O?

A

food brone systemic illness

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11
Q

S aureus alpha hemolysin targets include

A

monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, plateles, endothelial cells and more

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12
Q

What can we use in lab to detect hemolytic activity?

A

Blood agar plates. lighter zones mean lysis zone

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13
Q

Where does LLO (listeriolysin O) replicate and make pores?

A

Inside of the cell (cytosol)

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14
Q

What part of the AB exotoxin is active?

A

A is active and enzymatic; B does binding/attachment

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15
Q

What is the target for AB botulinism? how

A

neuronmuscularjunctions via interrupting acetyl coA signaling

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16
Q

The most potent AB toxin is

A

c botulism

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17
Q

Botulism causes what symptom?

A

flaccid paralysis (loose muscles)

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18
Q

BoNT can be used in which medical procedures?

A

botox

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19
Q

How does tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) work?

A

Cleaves signaling protein in nerve cells

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20
Q

What is the symptom of TeNT?

A

spastic paralysis (flexed/clenched muscles)

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21
Q

What are the AB EXOtoxin diseases?

A

botulism, tetanus, diphtheria, anthrax,

22
Q

Diptheria forms a membrane which causes __

A

host cell death and suffocation

23
Q

What location in an area is anthrax common in? How else is it from?

A

agricultural areas, animals; inhaled, injected

24
Q

How many subunits in anthrax toxin? Which binds? Which active

A

3; B binds; A active

25
Q

What does cholera (CT) cause in our cells?

A

Massive water out of our cells

26
Q

Antigen Presenting Cells activate which cell? what does this lead to?

A

T cells, leading to inflammatory response

27
Q

What issues can super-antigens cause?

A

An overactive immune response: TSS, scalded skin , strep (scarlet fever), food poisonings

28
Q

Alternative synthesis pathways are caused by

A

secondary metabolites

29
Q

What type of protein is penicillin?

A

an NR protein

30
Q

Polyketides are made of? They are made by?

A

2-4 Carbon molecules, PK synthase

31
Q

Aflatoxin can cause __ via ___

A

liver and DNA damage; polyketide synthesis

32
Q

Which vaccines use toxoids?

A

diptheria, tetanus, anthrax

33
Q

Which vaccines use toxoids?

A

diphtheria, tetanus, anthrax

34
Q

Anthrax vaccine is available to the general public, T/F?

A

FALSE- it is given to high exposure people (ie lab workers)

35
Q

What is the only endotoxin we are expected to know?

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

36
Q

Which exotoxin is cytolytic?

A

Pore forming exotoxin

37
Q

What exotoxin is enzymatic?

A

AB exotoxin

38
Q

Where do toxins come from?

A

Defense for plants, venom from animals, bacteria/fungi

39
Q

A toxoid is a __based toxin used as an antigen in a vaccine.

A

protein

40
Q

What toxin group is secreted soluble proteins?

A

Exotoxins

41
Q

LPS is composed of?

A

lipids and sugars

42
Q

By heat, chemicals, or recombination, you can ___ exotoxins.

A

detoxify

43
Q

Exotoxins are only g pos, T/F?

A

FALSE, both g neg and g pos can be exo

44
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae can make

A

diphtheria toxin

45
Q

The toxin can cause disease, not bacteria, T/F?

A

TRUE; presence of toxin increases virulence

46
Q

Listeriolysin O LLO is present in?

A

Undercooked meat/contaminated foods

47
Q

How do we internalize the AB exotoxin?

A

binding to cell receptors, endocytosis, release of chain = poison

48
Q

How is food borne botulism treated?

A

anti toxin and supportive care

49
Q

Spores germinate in what type of botulism?

A

Wound/injectons

50
Q

What is infant botulism caused by usually?

A

honey and corn syrup

51
Q

What do vibrio cholerae and e coli have in common?

A

They both permeate intestinal cells which causes diarrhea

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