lec 16- vaccines

Question 1

Two types of immunity are

Answer 1

innnate and adaptive

Question 2

An antigen is a component of ___

Answer 2

A pathogen

Question 3

Adaptive immune responses recognizes

Answer 3

Self and non-self

Question 4

What types of cells are used int eh adaptive immune response?

Answer 4

T cells and B cells

Question 5

B cells differentiate into __. 10% differntate into.

Answer 5

plasma cells; memory cells

Question 6

What do plasma cells secrete?

Answer 6

Plasma cells secrete antibodies.

Question 7

What do B cells make?

Answer 7

B cells make antibodies to antigens.

Question 8

What type of T cell is a killer?

Answer 8

CD8 Cytotoxic T cells kill cells that are infected with pathogens.

Question 9

A small % of CD8 T cells can remain as?

Answer 9

Memory cells

Question 10

Which cells don’t kill but they help manage the immune resposne?

Answer 10

CD4 helper T cells.

Question 11

Which types of vaccines usually need booster shots?

Answer 11

Subunit and toxoid vaccines.

Question 12

Lifelong immunity is achieved by which type of vaccine?

Answer 12

Attenuated vaccines

Question 13

Vaccines deliberately induce an immune adaptive response by:

Answer 13

INjection of a dead or non pathogenic form of a pathogen.

Question 14

Name some newer approaches to the types of vaccines.

Answer 14

Peptide-based, mRNA, recombinant, DNA

Question 15

The R value for COVID is?

Answer 15

12-15

Question 16

The only human disease that has been eliminated from the planet is?

Answer 16

Smallpox

Question 17

How did the 老中国人 prevent smallpox?

Answer 17

Variolation- dried smallpox dust was inhaled

Question 18

Edward Kardashian-Jenner made what?

Answer 18

A smallpox vaccine

Question 19

Human vaccine requirements/eligiblity:

Answer 19

Humans are the only host, prodivdes long lasting immunity and it is immediate

Question 20

What are two vaccines used for polio?

Answer 20

Salk (injected) and Sabin (oral)

Question 21

The diptheria vaccine is called?

Answer 21

DTP/DTwP

Question 22

DTP/DTwP is against which dseases?

Answer 22

Diptheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis

Question 23

How often should you get tetanus boosters?

Answer 23

every 10 years or more if in disaster areas

Question 24

There is a misconception about the link btw vaccines and ___

Answer 24

ASD- autism spectrum disorder

Question 25

What are need-less vaccines made of ?

Answer 25

Sugar

Question 26

The mRNA vaccine is troublesome to deliverbecause of?

Answer 26

Because of the low temp needed for storatge

Question 27

The ideal vaccine is:

Answer 27

protective, polyvalent, safe

Question 28

Which type of polio is still around, and how many types are there?

Answer 28

Type 1 is here, 2 and 3 were eliminated.

Question 29

Describe cornebacterium diptheriae

Answer 29

g pos with cell wall bacteria

Question 30

Diptheria causes a risk for?

Answer 30

suffocation

Question 31

Cloistridium tetani causes what disease?

Answer 31

tetanus aka lockjaw

Question 32

dsceribe the tetanus bacteria

Answer 32

g pos with cell wall

Question 33

The way tetanus travels is…

Answer 33

a super exotoxin that moves from an impalement to spinal cord

Question 34

Describe hemophilia type B

Answer 34

g neg with membrane

Question 35

How does haemophilus influznea B invade body? Who mostly affected

Answer 35

goes into resp tract then blood; kids

Question 36

Varicella causes _# of infections called and who get it?

Answer 36

2; frst - chickenpox in kids ; second- shingles in adults

Question 37

What type of virus is chickenpox?

Answer 37

Herpesvisu.

Question 38

What vaccine type is used for measles?

Answer 38

LIve attenuated viral vaccine

Question 39

The most contagious dsaese is __. Who is the host.

Answer 39

measles; only humans

Question 40

What toxin causes measles?

Answer 40

the rubella (mild) rna virus and rubeolla (severe) rna virus

Question 41

Describe the bacteria causing pertsses

Answer 41

g neg with outer membrane

Question 42

Out of control diseases

Answer 42

TB, HIV, malaria, HepC, and more