lec 16- vaccines Flashcards
Two types of immunity are
innnate and adaptive
An antigen is a component of ___
A pathogen
Adaptive immune responses recognizes
Self and non-self
What types of cells are used int eh adaptive immune response?
T cells and B cells
B cells differentiate into __. 10% differntate into.
plasma cells; memory cells
What do plasma cells secrete?
Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
What do B cells make?
B cells make antibodies to antigens.
What type of T cell is a killer?
CD8 Cytotoxic T cells kill cells that are infected with pathogens.
A small % of CD8 T cells can remain as?
Memory cells
Which cells don’t kill but they help manage the immune resposne?
CD4 helper T cells.
Which types of vaccines usually need booster shots?
Subunit and toxoid vaccines.
Lifelong immunity is achieved by which type of vaccine?
Attenuated vaccines
Vaccines deliberately induce an immune adaptive response by:
INjection of a dead or non pathogenic form of a pathogen.
Name some newer approaches to the types of vaccines.
Peptide-based, mRNA, recombinant, DNA
The R value for COVID is?
12-15
The only human disease that has been eliminated from the planet is?
Smallpox
How did the 老中国人 prevent smallpox?
Variolation- dried smallpox dust was inhaled
Edward Kardashian-Jenner made what?
A smallpox vaccine
Human vaccine requirements/eligiblity:
Humans are the only host, prodivdes long lasting immunity and it is immediate
What are two vaccines used for polio?
Salk (injected) and Sabin (oral)
The diptheria vaccine is called?
DTP/DTwP
DTP/DTwP is against which dseases?
Diptheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis
How often should you get tetanus boosters?
every 10 years or more if in disaster areas
There is a misconception about the link btw vaccines and ___
ASD- autism spectrum disorder
