lec 16- vaccines Flashcards
Two types of immunity are
innnate and adaptive
An antigen is a component of ___
A pathogen
Adaptive immune responses recognizes
Self and non-self
What types of cells are used int eh adaptive immune response?
T cells and B cells
B cells differentiate into __. 10% differntate into.
plasma cells; memory cells
What do plasma cells secrete?
Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
What do B cells make?
B cells make antibodies to antigens.
What type of T cell is a killer?
CD8 Cytotoxic T cells kill cells that are infected with pathogens.
A small % of CD8 T cells can remain as?
Memory cells
Which cells don’t kill but they help manage the immune resposne?
CD4 helper T cells.
Which types of vaccines usually need booster shots?
Subunit and toxoid vaccines.
Lifelong immunity is achieved by which type of vaccine?
Attenuated vaccines
Vaccines deliberately induce an immune adaptive response by:
INjection of a dead or non pathogenic form of a pathogen.
Name some newer approaches to the types of vaccines.
Peptide-based, mRNA, recombinant, DNA
The R value for COVID is?
12-15
The only human disease that has been eliminated from the planet is?
Smallpox
How did the 老中国人 prevent smallpox?
Variolation- dried smallpox dust was inhaled
Edward Kardashian-Jenner made what?
A smallpox vaccine
Human vaccine requirements/eligiblity:
Humans are the only host, prodivdes long lasting immunity and it is immediate
What are two vaccines used for polio?
Salk (injected) and Sabin (oral)
The diptheria vaccine is called?
DTP/DTwP
DTP/DTwP is against which dseases?
Diptheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis
How often should you get tetanus boosters?
every 10 years or more if in disaster areas
There is a misconception about the link btw vaccines and ___
ASD- autism spectrum disorder
What are need-less vaccines made of ?
Sugar
The mRNA vaccine is troublesome to deliverbecause of?
Because of the low temp needed for storatge
The ideal vaccine is:
protective, polyvalent, safe
Which type of polio is still around, and how many types are there?
Type 1 is here, 2 and 3 were eliminated.
Describe cornebacterium diptheriae
g pos with cell wall bacteria
Diptheria causes a risk for?
suffocation
Cloistridium tetani causes what disease?
tetanus aka lockjaw
dsceribe the tetanus bacteria
g pos with cell wall
The way tetanus travels is…
a super exotoxin that moves from an impalement to spinal cord
Describe hemophilia type B
g neg with membrane
How does haemophilus influznea B invade body? Who mostly affected
goes into resp tract then blood; kids
Varicella causes _# of infections called and who get it?
2; frst - chickenpox in kids ; second- shingles in adults
What type of virus is chickenpox?
Herpesvisu.
What vaccine type is used for measles?
LIve attenuated viral vaccine
The most contagious dsaese is __. Who is the host.
measles; only humans
What toxin causes measles?
the rubella (mild) rna virus and rubeolla (severe) rna virus
Describe the bacteria causing pertsses
g neg with outer membrane
Out of control diseases
TB, HIV, malaria, HepC, and more
