Water treaties (How Can Integrated Basin Management And Treaties Help Reduce Conflict And Improve Supply ) And CS - WATER CYCLE

Question 1

Integrated water resource management

Answer 1

• emphasises the river basin as the logical geographical unit for strategic planning. The basin is treated holistically to protect environmental and ensure fair distribution.

Question 2

Fair distribution ensures…

Answer 2

• Freedom from currpotion
• Environmental protection of all supplies and ecosystems
• Food and water security for poorer people
• Effective dialogue between people
• Decentralised approach
• Cash recovery of schemes
• Effective regulation and planning

Question 3

CASE STUDY EX- Murray darling basin

Answer 3

3 stakeholders involved
- Australian government ( common wealth)
- department of agriculture
- Murray daring basin authority

3 major storages
- Common wealth
- Hume dam ( want to increase water stores through dams)
- Lake Victoria

Question 4

Different stakeholders have different views for the Murray darling , two exs are :

Answer 4

1. The Macquarie mars area
   - Irrigation Cotton farms are replacing
   - non- irrigated grazing land
   - value of grazing land fallen due to droughts
   - government have licesed framers to increase groundwater extraction
   -Vegetation dying and. species suffering
   - CONFLICT - support Ramsay status and needs of farmers
   - QS- should water be directed?
2. Milaur Hutton
   - The site is a proposed waste dump downstream in lake victoria
   - Potential site for dumping of toxic waste
   - Negative impacts on local property value and tourism economy
   - CONFLICT - Toxic dump or nature and tourism
   - QS - where should the toxic waste go?

Question 5

Benefits of environmental flows for the Murray darling

Answer 5

• Keeps river bank moist to encourage plant growth to stabilise them
• Keeps mouth of Murray daring river open
• Replenises floodplain, wetlands and habitats and groundwater stores

Question 6

Murray darling recent change and future projections

Answer 6

Change
- 2007 - major change with the national plan for water security and plan implemented in march 2008

Future
- 5 -10 years needed to benefit fully to balance economic, social, environmental and political aspects
- lay foundations for sustainable future

Question 7

Management strategies

Answer 7

1. Groundwater management
2. Waterway management
3. Monitoring technology
4. Integrated urban water management

Question 8

1. Groundwater management

Answer 8

• Aquifer water management
• Quality and quantity modelling

Question 9

2 Waterway management

Answer 9

• River rehabilitation
• Sustainable water allocation
• Environmental flows

Question 10

3. Monitoring technology

Answer 10

• Sensor technologies
• Real time wireless monitoring and controlling

Question 11

4. Integrated urban water management

Answer 11

• Water treatment tech
• Water sensitive urban design
• Water harvesting and reuse

Question 12

What are the different water treaties and what they aim to achieve

Answer 12

1. Helsinki rules
2. UNECE water convention
3. UN water courses
4. Water framework directive and hydropower

Question 13

1. Helsinki rules

Answer 13

Aims
- regulating rivers and connected groundwater flows that cross national boundaries at be used

Successes
- inspiration for building relations between states showing the same freshwater either though signing treaties as a resolution of water disputes

Limitations
- not sure

Question 14

2. UNECE water convention

Answer 14

Aims
- promotes joint management and conservation of shard freshwater ecosystem in Europe and neighbouring areas of success

Successes
- fostering cooperation between states, provide legal framework for regional cooperation and shared resources

Failures
- still cannot meet demands

Question 15

3. UN water courses

Answer 15

Aim
- Enforce guidelines of the protection and use of transboundary rivers

Successes
- Between 2015-2022, the protection of wolds population with access to safely managed drinking water increased from 69% - 73%

Failures
- many countires water resources and infrastructure are failing to meet standards due to accelerating demand

Question 16

4. Water framework directive and hydropower

Answer 16

Aims
- Agrred this framework in Berlin n 2000 by the EU.
- Targets are to restore water, lakes, canals and coastal water to suitable conditions

Successes
- Achieve good chemical ad ecological states, implementations of hydropower

Failures
- falling to improve health of European rivers, wetlands and aquifers and water qaulity
- they failed to establish suitability for current and new construction of dams
- failed to send a strong statement on destructive role played by expansion of hydropower