EQ2 - Colonialism - MIGRATION

Question 1

Post colonialism / independence positives

Answer 1

• control/ more freedom - laws and government in place
• democracy
• more control over resources
• shift back to traditional languages and cultural ties and religion
• development of national identity ( short term )
• Reduced dependency on former colonisers
• GDP increase due to tourism + trade ( Vietnam )
• positive legacy ( long term)

Question 2

Post colonialism / independence negatives

Answer 2

• very dependent on colonisers still ) short term)
• Curroption
• Education/ literacy - low
• civil war and conflict
• difficult transtion period
• displacement of ppl ( DRC)
• reduced GDP, less investment in services

Question 3

The end of colonial rule - NEW NATION STATES FIX

Answer 3

• in 1960, 17 africa countires achieved ther independence
• The independence was a source of a support against white minority rule
• they face large spread of HIV
• lots of refuge migration within Africa
• many natural distances and conflict
• only had wealth in 1500s due to colonialism

Question 4

The end of colonial rule - NEW NATION STATES - South Sudan CASE STUDY

Answer 4

Historical backround
- once part of British colony
- gained independence in 1955
- ethically and culturally diverse nations due to internal separation between north and south

Social consequences
- 2 million displaced in 2015 due to conflict
- civil war ended through peace deal in 2000 at cost of 38,000 ppl

Economic consequences
- strain due to Civl war
- rlainace on aid
- increase in poverty
- GDP per capita - $418

Political consequences
- government and southern based revels in conflict due to Islamic law introduced

Environmental concequences
- land degredation
- increase in CO2

Current info
XXXX

Question 5

The end of colonial rule - NEW NATION STATES - Democratic republic of Congo CASE STUDY

Answer 5

Historical backrounds
- once part of French colonial rule
- north - communists
- south - socialists
Communities took over the shut so now it is a communist country
- economically growing
- War between south and north
- US with drew from south Vietnams ???

Social consequences
- 3 milllion killed ncludng US personnel
- starvation was widespread
- 400,000 deaths + disabilities due to defoliant spayed to deny communist forces to use the jungle for cover
- 500,00 born with defects

Economic consequences
- strategic bombing destroyed vietnams modest infrastructure
- ecnomic cost - US$950
- incomes have risen since 2005 to US$8000 per perosn
- international tourism increased to 8 milllion in 2019

Political consequences
- USA paid high political cost as they failed to push bakc infiltration of south as the superiority
- act as a geo political cushion between USA and china
- however, good international relations with USA

Environmental concequences
- Heavy artillery and bobbing left 26million craters
- flammable liquid burned vegetation

Current info
XXXXX

Question 6

The end of colonial rule - NEW NATION STATES - Vietnam CASE STUDY

Answer 6

Historical backrounds
- Gained independence
- Rich in resources so ara largely disputed
- once prt of colony
- enormous raw materials attract
- wealthy outsiders

Social consequences
- displaced refugees and trmuatised ivilan yet to be rehablated
- armed military groups still operate in the east of the country

Economic consequences
- debt due to the loans/ aid
- DRC’s per capita - US$ 5000 despite rich resources
- political mismanagement and conflict squandered counties early developments opportunities

Political consequences
- geopolitical strategies followed by Belgium + USA during old war favoured Mobutu to be charge due to pro western stance, led to aid and loans going to his a family leaving population great debt

Environmental concequences
- abandonment of farmland and regrowth of secondary forest
- los of vegetation
- poor sanitation in refugee camp allowed diseases to spread such as cholera

Current info
- Unstable government/ less political stability

Question 7

Historical ties / patterns of migration

How was Migration from British colonies has helped the uk?

Answer 7

Former colonies were invited to help rebuild sectors after the war
- filled in low income sectors
- Generated income for economy

Economic refugees
- 566,000 black Caribbean on 1948
- 750,000 Pakistan and 1 million from India in 1950
- 280,000 Bangladesh in mid 1960s

Refugees
- 30,000 Asian Ugandan n 1972
- 20,000 Vietnamese mainly from Hong Kong in 1980

Question 8

Push factors - encouraging UK citizens to move back to India

Answer 8

• Some become overseas citizens of India
• retain nationality and given along visa which allows them to work and live independently
• Indian dream
• better lifestyle
• connect to India with real life interaction rathe then ideolgies
• access to cultural and ancestral roots
• Westernisation in India makes it easier to work there

Question 9

Pull factors - encouraging UK citizens to not move to India ( why they shouldn’t - pull)

Answer 9

• skills and education
• English speaking
• India has problems since poverty and large population
• restricts career
• India economy growing at a slower rate
• opportunities in Uk
• Higher paid jobs
• better quality of life
• lower cost of living

Question 10

Extra notes

Answer 10

Cultural heterogeneity - diverse culture ( UK, USA Singapore)
cultural homogenous - same cultures