Hazard management volcanoes - TECTONICS

Question 1

Preparation/Modify the vulnerability (Before the hazard)

Answer 1

Prediction and monitoring
-Mount serat- None
-Mount Pinutbo- 75,000 evacuated due to accurate predictions. Seismometers put in place. Us geological service helped predict disasters. Alert systems put in place to warn of eruption.
-Eyjafjallajokull- Not Predicted but monitored. 80 seismometers.120 GPS.

Community preparedness
-Mount serat- Many moved to shelters but many refused to move due to overcrowding, lack of privacy and poor sanitation meaning the community were not aware of the risks.
-Mount Pinutbo- Government shelters
-Eyjafjallajokull-Not much but a lot of involvement with the EU though providing goods, transport etc.

Question 2

Mitigation/Modify the loss (economic, resources, homes)

Answer 2

Short and long term aid
-Mount serat- Only one airport and one port. Skills shortage, no aid given except for British government compensation.
-Mount Pinutbo- Red Cross and US
-Eyjafjallajokull- None that can be seen.

Insurance
-Mount serat- British government gave money for compensation and redevelopment . They invested 400 million into the development since the eruption.
-Mount Pinutbo- None.

Question 3

Recovery/Modify the event (present)

Answer 3

Protection:
-Mount serat- Evacuated thousands, abandonment of capital city.
-Mount Pinutbo- USA Air Force helicopters helped.
-Eyjafjallajokull- None except protection by the EU

Strategies to control the hazard
-Mount serat- None.
-Mount Pinutbo- 75,000 evacuated.
-Eyjafjallajokull- Ash cloud tracks by
satellite by many nations. Airspace closed across most of Europe

Question 4

Adaptation/response

Answer 4

Reduce impacts for hazards in the future:
-Mount serat- An exclusive zone set up in volcanic region. Volcanic observatory built to monitor volcano.
-Mount Pinutbo- Sloped roofs so ash can side off. Deep holes or high walls to block off direct lava (but could overflow in different direction). Map safe and risk areas. Tourist attracted so boosted economy.
-Eyjafjallajokull- Infrared sensors experimented on plane for ash clouds created. New guidelines for tolerance of aircraft to ash in atmosphere.