Earthquakes case studies - Haiti/Japan - TECTONICS

Question 1

GDP per capita of Haiti

Answer 1

1,200

Question 2

HDI of Haiti

Answer 2

0.471

Question 3

Literacy rate of Haiti

Answer 3

61%

Question 4

What year did Haitis earthquake occur?

Answer 4

2010

Question 5

Magnitude of Haiti

Answer 5

7

Question 6

Type of plate boundary for Haiti n japan

Answer 6

Conservative

Question 7

n.o of deaths for Haiti

Answer 7

250,000

Question 8

n.o of homeless people for Haiti

Answer 8

1.5 million

Question 9

Percentage of buildings collapsed for Haiti

Answer 9

50% including key government buildings

Question 10

4 Primary effects for Haiti (4)

Answer 10

• main port was unstable
• roads blocked by debris so aid could not reach vulnerable areas
• communications and transport links completely destroyed
• small tsunami- killed 7

Question 11

Secondary impacts for Haiti (5)

Answer 11

• Government was in pieces so loss of order, groups with machetes roamed.
• food prices roam
• 1 year later - 1 million were still homeless
• 1500 killed by cholera
• industry of clothing suffered Sèvres setbacks with the destruction of factories

Question 12

Immediate responses for Haiti (3)

Answer 12

• many international teams
• security - 16, 000 un troops set to restore order
• Water - bottled water distributed
• Huge graves takin more than 100 people

Question 13

Long term aid response for Haiti (5)

Answer 13

• Aid $11.5 billion
• 47% spent on health and education - 17% spent on infrastructure
• 9% spent on infrastructure
• Buildings rebuilt to safer building conditions
• slums demolished
• new settlements built way from at risk areas
• world bank cancelled half of Haiti’s debt

Question 14

Haiti is Vulnerable because..(10)

Answer 14

• densely populated areas - huge slums
• shallow focus
• multiple hazards
• few people speak french so hard to communicate
• massive rural to urban migration
• long history of unstable governments
• shortage of trained health care workers
• lack of public awareness and disaster plan
• only 50% access to toilet
• only 33% access to tap water
• Love waves - focuses energy on earths surface - cause the most damage
• ## conservative plate boundary - faults and slip

Question 15

Year of Japan earthquake

Answer 15

2011

Question 16

Magnitude of Japan earthquake

Answer 16

9.0

Question 17

HDI of japan

Answer 17

0.892

Question 18

Literacy rate of japan

Answer 18

99%

Question 19

GDP per capita for japan

Answer 19

45,000

Question 20

Primary impacts for japan (3)

Answer 20

• US$235 billion cost of damage
• 30 homes being destroyed and 1,000 damaged
• nuclear power station went into meltdown causing radioactive contamination

Question 21

Secondary impacts for Japan (4)

Answer 21

• huge tsunami up to 40 metres high
• 15, 900 died
• 450,00 homeless
• 120,000 homes completely destroyed

Question 22

Short term responses for Japan

Answer 22

• Tsunami warnings given 3 minute after earthquake
• US$183 billion offered by Bank of Japan to Japanese banks so they could keep offering, protecting country economy
• 170,000 households without water
• water restored to 1.9 million households after 3 weeks
• 5.5 million bottles provided to evacuation centre.

Question 23

Long term response for Japan

Answer 23

• 87% of buildings in Tokyo are earthquake proof
• every smartphone in Japan sent warning alerts
• earthquake survival kits at home

Question 24

Preparation for Japan

Answer 24

• Earthquake drills every year in school and workplaces
• emergency services especially trained in earthquake response methods
• 75% of buildings constructed with earthquake proof buildings
• government funding in place
• early warning system
• PREDICTION- use data from sound tech and is 80-90% accurate

Question 25

Focus Japan

Answer 25

80km below earth surface

Question 26

Focus for Haiti

Answer 26

33km below earths surface

Question 27

Indian ocean

Answer 27

Indian ocean 2004- Boxin day tsunami
• earthquake magnitude- 9
• impacted 12 developing countries from Indonesia to South Africa
• economic costs added to roughly $10 B
• 5 million impacted and left 2million homeless
• occurred around low lying coasts making it easier for the tsunami to travel
• the epicentre of the earthquake was near a densely populated area
• no warning systems implemented and poorly educated
• the earthquake triggered a tsunami- secondary hazard

Question 28

Turkey syria earthquake

Answer 28

Human factors:
- approximately 50k deaths, this number was exacerbated due to the corruption of Turkish government for not implementing the building codes and regulations.
- Syria experienced high death toll due to infrastructure already damaged due to the prolonged civil war.

physical facotrs
magnitude was 7.8
- tectonically active region- nestled between 4 tectonic plate margins
- strong after shocks some more than original earthquake
- depth of focus was shallow, strong love waves