Earthquakes case studies - Haiti/Japan - TECTONICS Flashcards

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1
Q

GDP per capita of Haiti

A

1,200

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2
Q

HDI of Haiti

A

0.471

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3
Q

Literacy rate of Haiti

A

61%

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4
Q

What year did Haitis earthquake occur?

A

2010

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5
Q

Magnitude of Haiti

A

7

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6
Q

Type of plate boundary for Haiti n japan

A

Conservative

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7
Q

n.o of deaths for Haiti

A

250,000

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8
Q

n.o of homeless people for Haiti

A

1.5 million

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9
Q

Percentage of buildings collapsed for Haiti

A

50% including key government buildings

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10
Q

Primary effects for Haiti (4)

A
  • main port was unstable
  • roads blocked by debris so aid could not reach vulnerable areas
  • communications and transport links completely destroyed
  • small tsunami- killed 7
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11
Q

Secondary impacts for Haiti (5)

A
  • Government was in pieces so loss of order, groups with machetes roamed.
  • food prices roam
  • 1 year later - 1 million were still homeless
  • 1500 killed by cholera
  • industry of clothing suffered Sèvres setbacks with the destruction of factories
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12
Q

Immediate responses for Haiti (3)

A
  • many international teams
  • security - 16, 000 un troops set to restore order
  • Water - bottled water distributed
  • Huge graves takin more than 100 people
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13
Q

Long term aid response for Haiti (5)

A
  • Aid $11.5 billion
  • 47% spent on health and education - 17% spent on infrastructure
  • 9% spent on infrastructure
  • Buildings rebuilt to safer building conditions
  • slums demolished
  • new settlements built way from at risk areas
  • world bank cancelled half of Haiti’s debt
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14
Q

Haiti is Vulnerable because..(10)

A
  • densely populated areas - huge slums
  • shallow focus
  • multiple hazards
  • few people speak french so hard to communicate
  • massive rural to urban migration
  • long history of unstable governments
  • shortage of trained health care workers
  • lack of public awareness and disaster plan
  • only 50% access to toilet
  • only 33% access to tap water
  • Love waves - focuses energy on earths surface - cause the most damage
  • ## conservative plate boundary - faults and slip
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15
Q

Year of Japan earthquake

A

2011

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16
Q

Magnitude of Japan earthquake

A

9.0

17
Q

HDI of japan

A

0.892

18
Q

Literacy rate of japan

A

99%

19
Q

GDP per capita for japan

A

45,000

20
Q

Primary impacts for japan (3)

A
  • US$235 billion cost of damage
  • 30 homes being destroyed and 1,000 damaged
  • nuclear power station went into meltdown causing radioactive contamination
21
Q

Secondary impacts for Japan (4)

A
  • huge tsunami up to 40 metres high
  • 15, 900 died
  • 450,00 homeless
  • 120,000 homes completely destroyed
22
Q

Short term responses for Japan

A
  • Tsunami warnings given 3 minute after earthquake
  • US$183 billion offered by Bank of Japan to Japanese banks so they could keep offering, protecting country economy
  • 170,000 households without water
  • water restored to 1.9 million households after 3 weeks
  • 5.5 million bottles provided to evacuation centre.
23
Q

Long term response for Japan

A
  • 87% of buildings in Tokyo are earthquake proof
  • every smartphone in Japan sent warning alerts
  • earthquake survival kits at home
24
Q

Preparation for Japan

A
  • Earthquake drills every year in school and workplaces
  • emergency services especially trained in earthquake response methods
  • 75% of buildings constructed with earthquake proof buildings
  • government funding in place
  • early warning system
  • PREDICTION- use data from sound tech and is 80-90% accurate
25
Q

Focus Japan

A

80km below earth surface

26
Q

Focus for Haiti

A

33km below earths surface

27
Q

Indian ocean

A

Indian ocean 2004- Boxin day tsunami
• earthquake magnitude- 9
• impacted 12 developing countries from Indonesia to South Africa
• economic costs added to roughly $10 B
• 5 million impacted and left 2million homeless
• occurred around low lying coasts making it easier for the tsunami to travel
• the epicentre of the earthquake was near a densely populated area
• no warning systems implemented and poorly educated
• the earthquake triggered a tsunami- secondary hazard

28
Q

Turkey syria earthquake

A

approx 50k deaths, but this was exacerbated because of corruption on the part of the turkish gov for not implementing the building codes and regulations. additionally, syria experienced high death toll aswell bc the infrastructure was already damaged for the prolonged civil war. this is the human factors. but the physical facotrs is that the magnitude of the earthquake was around 7.8 on the richter scale, tectonically active region- nestled between 4 tectonic plate marginss, strong after shocks some more than orginal earthquake, depth of focus was shallow, strong love waves