Main ways of protecting ICZM-the coast/ which case studies to use/SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT?-COASTS

Question 1

ICZM

Answer 1

hold the line
advance the line
managed retreat
do nothing

Question 2

HOLD THE LINE- involves maintaining the current position of the coastline (often hard engineering methods )

Answer 2

Strategies:
-sea walls
-revetments
-gabions
-rock armour
-groynes
-dune stabilisation
-planting

Case study- Mappleton

Question 3

ADVANCE THE LINE- involves extending the coastline out to sea (by escorting build up of a wider beach, using beach nourishment methods and groynes)

Answer 3

Strategies:
-offshore breakwater
-beach nourishment
-dredging/beach re profile
-marsh creation
-groynes

Case study- Hornsea- advance/hold

Question 4

MANAGED RETREAT OR COASTAL/STRATEGIC REALIGNMENT - involve allowing the last line to retreat but in a managed way/ it can involve deliberate breaching of flood banks built to protect low-quality farmland from flooding (creating salt - marsh environments)

Answer 4

Strategies:
-allowing coast to flood
-a combination of hard and soft engineering

Case study- Paul Home strays/ Medmerry

Question 5

DO NOTHING- involves letting nature take its course and allowing the sea to erode cliffs and flood low-lying land whilst letting existing defences collapse.

Answer 5

Strategies:
-letting nature take its course and allowing the sea to erode the cliffs and allowing existing sea defence to collapse

Case study- Skipsea/Ulrome and Happisburgh/Norfolk

Question 6

What is ICZM meaning?

Answer 6

Integrated coastal zone management Is a strategy aimed to manage an entire sediment cell
-For EX- protection, fishing, agriculture, etc.

Flamborugh head

Question 7

CBA

Answer 7

Cost benefit analysis
Is used to help decide whether defending a coastline from erosion/ flooding is ‘worth it’. It depends on:
-value of property (and if its risk safe from erosion or in imminent danger)
-human costs (worry,stress)
-environmental costs

There are also two types of costs and benefits:
-TANGIBLE - where costs and benefits are known and can be given a monetary (related to money) value (e.g building costs)
-INTANGIBLE-where costs may be difficult to assess but are important

Case study- Happisburgh, Norfolk
Key stats: ^

Analysis - cost benefit analysis
Strategy decided - Do nothing

Costs
- too expensive at 15 million to install hard engineering long term and land wasn’t worth less
- would impact wider coastal management plan

Solutions
-6000 available to relocate caravan park
-affected residents get up to 2 grand
-social costs are high as village is slowly degraded, including health effects and loss of jobs