Urban and rural CS- Regeneration/Rebranding - REGENERATION

Question 1

Urban case studies

Answer 1

• Successful -Sydney(Austrailia) and Stratford
• Unsuccessful -Rust belt and Sink estates (Tottneham)

Question 2

Rural Case studies

Answer 2

• Successful - St Austell ( Cornwall) and Isle of Arran
• Unsuccessful - South devon and Cornwall

Question 3

Urban successful - Stratford/ Rebranding (Olympics)

Answer 3

Causes:
-The area was hugely deprived
-Lack of affordable housing
- High crime rates
-Unemployment rate was high of 12.9% above average
-Due to closure of dockyard in 1981, 120,000 jobs were loss resulting in 60% of males being unemployed and led to a spiral of decline as many people left the area causing a lack or services and investment

Evidence of success:
31,000 jobs created
-£2.5 billion additional inwards investment
-BMX track open to public and generates 800,000 visitors per year.
-target of cutting 100,000 tonnes of CO2 was met through taking off 65,000 cars for a year.
-River banks have been re- profiled protecting 4,000 homes for 100 years from flooding

Evidence of failures
Only 1,200 homes turned into affordable housing
-200 businesses had to be recreated and demanded a lot of compensation
-Wind turbine to fund energy for games was scrapped.
- Cost of living in surrounding areas increased dramatically such as 69% in Hackney

Question 4

Urban successful - Sydney (Australia)/Regeneration - fix

Answer 4

Causes:
- historically developed as a suburban development and not sustainable in face of rapid population growth, economic challenges and climate change. Regeneration plan to approach land use and transport planning aims to boost sustainability and productivity for the growing Sydney population was done in 2018.

Evidence of success:
- strengths in quaternary sector. Large proportion of jobs are all high income. GDP at U$461 billion in 2019 with growth rates at 2.6%

Evidence of failures:
- low levels of multiple deprivation. Attracts business due to collimate led to to growth of gated communities as they attract high income

Question 5

Urban unsuccessful - Rust Belt (region in USA)

Answer 5

Causes:
- decline in metal manufacturing. Lower wage costs in south eastern USA has led to to relocation of steel and car industries

Evidence of success:
- increase pending commitments caused by those claiming welfare

Evidence of failure:
- population decline and brain drain as people leave to seek work elsewhere. High unemployment and crime. Reduced revenue for councils as consumer spending fails

Question 6

Urban unsuccessful - Sink estate/ (Tottenham - North London mainly the stadium)

Answer 6

Causes:
- low income groups in need of social assistance being segregated from society. Council houses need conditions to improve. - society is 2x as likely to have mental health problems, unemployment, jobless.housing estates characterised by high levels of economic social deprivation and crime.

Evidence of success
- with the stadium
- regeneration brings commutation closer and regenerated wider area. Influenced regeneration more, allows more engagement and participation. New stadium, housing, retail and transport attracts stakeholders.

Evidence of failures
- does not help the local community majorly and local business may not have any improvements

Question 7

Rural successful - St Austell/ Cornwall Rural diversification/ regeneration

Answer 7

Causes:
-Lobbs farm/ objective one funding( matches funding to help businesses thrive and was done for Lobbs farm)
-And Eden project
-same as Cornwalls

Evidence of success:
- Eden project- employs 400 people, attracted 1.9 million visitors, helped 80% of surrounding local businesses, visits spend around 150 pound, brings income to Cornwall
-Lobbs farm - employed 200 people and annual turnover of $700,000, attracts tourists and encourages a sustainable environment.

Question 8

Rural successful -Isle of Arran (rebranding)

Answer 8

Causes-
-Jobs are seasonal, few weather indoor attractions and shops are closed in winter time due to lack of visitors

Evidence of success:
-A PR company (dedicated to help business) reinforced meaning 40 newspapers, 22 tv shows, supported for the rebranding of Arran. It increased tourism value to 35 million in 2010.

Evidence of failures:
-too busy for residents and increase in congestion and roads are not suitable for dealing with large volumes of people and are becoming degraded

Question 9

Rural Unsuccessful - Cornwall

Answer 9

Causes
-brain drain caused by lack of transport to London causing people to move out especially young graduates’.
-A lack of rural investment leads to fewer opportunities available and lack of high end employment/
-Lack of rural services.
-Deindustrialisation occurred due to decline in agriculture e.g. exhaustion of tin mines creates a negative multiplier effect

Evidence of failure
-one way road so lots of congestion and pollution, Eden project has high carbon footprint. Delivery time for business delayed due to traffic, value of houses decreasing due to areas with due to areas with traffic. Most employment for over 50 so less employment for younger Generation.

Question 10

Rural unsuccessful — South Devon (seaside town)

Answer 10

Causes:
- small and many seaside towns but also areas of deprivation.
- 11.4% of businesses closed in 2013 with 201 crime and Multiple deprivation increased by 1.4 which is also due to fishing and agriculture decrease

Evidence of success
- new road was built and dual carriageway providing fast route which brought 8000 jobs

Evidence of failure
- doesn’t directly help the community and can take years for it to fall into place an help community