EQ4 - National Identity - MIGRATION

Question 1

How English national identity has changed? FIXXXX

Answer 1

1. Religious belief
   - Religious beliefs in the 20th century where high for evangelical and Catholic Church attendance
   - 21th century - largely secular and non religious and minority religious are prospering

2.Food
- 20th century - Seasonal food, native herbs,
- 21th century - global variety and strong spices

3. ## Identity
4. Roots of vocab

Question 2

CASE STUDY - English national identity and English

Answer 2

• companies will soon be owned by offshore countries
• in 2024 china will own an estimated of £100 billion of UK energy, property and transport investments
• many British brands were sold to offshore owners

Criticism
- not all places
- does not talk about rural poverties

Question 3

CASE STUDY - steel jobs

Answer 3

• Steel plant jobs in South Wales provides jobs in the area and maintains historical Welsh association
• the steel industry claims to benefit welsh prosperity, invest in skls, and support local wealth, safety an environmental policies

Question 4

Pros of foreign ownership

Answer 4

• The performance and productivity of foreign-owned companies in Britain tends to be higher - often much higher: than that of many indigenously owned Counterparts
• Know-how trickles out to neighbouring businesses benefitting the wider economy.
• New ways of doing things - working practices and management styles are different. Investment is made in training the workforce to bring up to scratch
• Global markets encourage mergers and takeovers and companies achieve economies of scale by merging and eliminating competitors.
• if one country is good at producing innovations and another at commercialising them, it is only natural that there will be takeovers at the interface between these phases of the product life.
• Many British cultural and educational institutions have received major support from wealthy “foreigners”. The British branch of the energy firm EDF (which stands for Éléctricité de France) supported the London bid to host the 2012 Olympic
  Games while its parent company supported the rival one from Paris.

Question 5

Cons of foreign ownership

Answer 5

• Profits flow overseas with a loss of taxation and the multiplier effect of investment of profits
• With ownership comes control and there is a ‘home country bias:. A global conglomerate taking over and residing abroad feels no emotional connection with the firm, its products or its workers.
• Research and development (R&D) takes place abroad dumbing down the UK economy leaving lower-value economic activities in the Uk.
• Management teams of foreign-owned companies are more likely to be nationals of the country where the company has its HQ.
• Whilst initially plants and offices may stay open, over Time, efficiencies will be made and there is a risk of closures and job losses - short term boost, long term
  decline.
• Takeovers of “strategie” industries (e.g, defence sector, mineral extraction, food,
  energy or nuclear power) from potentially hostile rival countries could be a threat.
• Takeovers, almost by definition, increase market shares leading to less competition, increasing prices or consumers
• Foreign takeovers are a natural consequence of free trade and capitalism - progressive and forward- looking opposed to nationalistic.

Question 6

Nationalist movements

Answer 6

Create independence smaller states whilst still remaining a part of larger trade group

Question 7

Nationalist movements CASE STUDY - Catalonia

Answer 7

• Most Catalans believe in a multi regional Spain with distinctive region, languages + cultures. They have strong views of independence
• pro - independence demonstrations
• inflamed tensions with Madrid
• referendum held in 2017 , but only turnout of 43%

Question 8

Nationalist movements CASE STUDY - Scotland

Answer 8

• Scot’s voted to remain in the EU
• control resources - shale gas and offshore oil
• british loses access to border control
• have to pay million to become part of the EU
• complications can stir strong feelings
• Independence is wanted due to economic reasons
• income comes from oil and recent low prices means it comes at a greater cost
• In 2020 support for independence was between 45-50%. Brexit may have helped cause Scottish independence

Question 9

Failed states

Answer 9

Government that is broken down and is characterised by
- Loss of control over its territory or lack of physical dominance ( military)
- inability to provide public services
- inability to interact with other states as a full member of the international community
- erosion of legitimate authority in the decisions making process

Question 10

Failed states examples

Answer 10

• Congo
• Somalia
• Syria
• Afghanistan
• Nigeria
• Sudan