EQ1- Globalisation/ Interntional Migration - MIGRATION Flashcards
Changing patterns of demand for labor
- National scale - rural to urban
- International scale - movement within the EU and for other countries VISA required
- Use term- DIASPORA
CASE STUDY- Rural - urban migration - Chinas rapid industrialization is fueled by rural- urban migration
What are the 3 main causes of internal migration
- Conditions in rural areas (oversupply of unemployed workers)
- Government encouragement ( to urbanise)
- Differences between provinces (Further from the east the greater the health problems, illiteracy, poor communication etc)
CASE STUDY - China notes
- The hokku system limits migration and follows certain policies to restrict migration
- Conditions are Temporary (either 12 month residency, working ( lack unemployment )
- China has the biggest internal movement of people on earth (150 million estimated)
CASE STUDY -International migration -
What are the positives and negatives of The Schengen Agreement?
(Open door policy)
Positives
- Travel within counties without passport/ Border free control
- Economically driven
- Encourages trade and meets demands faster (Against border controls as it barcades trade via road)
- Allows movement for jobs
Negatives
- Increasing security check due to wars
- Borders slowly inputting to prevent refugees,asylum seeker which slows down supply chains for trade
- Higher fees for international visitors to the UK
- Rise in drugs smuggling and human trafficking/ Illegal immigration
- some believe that migrants are taking up jobs in host country
What are key facts on Japan for international migrants ?
(Close door policy) CS
- Large ageing population rapidly occurring which affects economy, less pensions
- 29% aged 65 and older (125 million)
- 1/10 people are 80 and older
- migrants do not come to Japan due to restrains such as language and policy, laws stricter due to wars
- Laws in place are due to preserving sovereignty, culture, jobs, manning status
What are key facts on Australia for international migrants ?
(Points system) CS
- favours skilled migrants ( economic, skills and family links) which deters low income, those lacking education, unskilled illegal, refugees, elderly.
- only allow a certain n.o of migrants - 190,000
- first step is sending migration to island to do farming
What are key facts on Singapore for international migrants ?
(Open door policy) CS
- Due to British colocnilsim, there is a ethnic diversity.
- Many local businesses located here leading to many forgiven workers and families relocating which allows many international schools
What are key facts on the Uk for international migrants ?
(….) CS
- Extremely politically motivated ( Labour Party )
- Brexit had a major impact
- New points system (70 points ) in place for migration with an increased salary needed
- It provides accommodation for migrant of other countries in Rwanda
- Many West Indian migrants recruited to drive London buses in 1950 and settle near bus garages such as Brixton
What are the Consequences of international migration in terms of social, demographic and economic?
Social
- High inward migration can lead to rising house prices, overcrowded schools, strained healthcare and falling local wages
- source regions of migrants face skills shortages and ageing population
- Political upheaval and religious repression ( Myanmar - Muslim minority)
- Poverty and violence drives ppl out ( Mexico and Central America- millions legal/illegal move to USA)
Demographic
- Change cultural and ethnic composition- changes lifestyle
- Segregation of different ethnicity groups varies mainly large cities
- Ethnic enclaves become permanent with growth of specialist shops( Chinatown + Bangalatown)
Economic
- Not really ?
What are the -Consequence of Migration and political tensions- Case studies?
- Japan
- Mexico / US
Migration and political tensions CASE STUDIES - Mexico/USA + Japan
Japan
- Same as previous notes
- Homogenous
- Didn’t experience large inflows of migrants after 1945 like other countires
- Politically, no immigration widely supported
Mexico/USA
- Due to WWW? And economic devastion in Mexico due to political revolution, large flows on illegal/legal migrants to California and US cities
- 2020- over 40 million Mexican migrants in USA, however language,personal, financial barriers.
- Trump focused on immigration issue
-51% of population from a survey believed migrants filled jobs/ services and strength country while 41% feel its a burden.
- Trump called for a wall (15 miles) built between US- Mexican border to prevent illegal immigration, but some feel that main focus should be developing a strategic plan to manage current immigration than halting the flow.
- Wall also prevents cultural erosion and seen as successful as numbers dropped form 900,000 to 400,000
- Crossing can depend on exiting wealth as $4,000 - $10,000 needed to cross.
Internal migration - Core + Periphery
- economic development depends on a process called back was (brain drain) , migrant labour flows become focused on core regions such a the EU with the Schengen Agreement.
Case study ex - Mediterrranean migration
-Thousands-fled across Mediterranean Sea to escape war, persecution , poverty and conflict to areas of freedom and liberation with around 911,000 fled to European states casing a Europe refugee crisis
- 28,000 aprox missing migrants
How COVID impacted migration points
- remote working so less migration
- rising houe prices so migration occurs due to to cost of lviving
- density of ppl in urban area made fear of spreading covid so migration occurs less
