EQ3 - IGOs - MIGRATION

Question 1

What two organisations did the Breton woods institutions create ?

Answer 1

-IMF and WB
- stabilise global systems of finance and trade
- agreements of tariffs and trade
- fixed exchange rate system on gold an US dollar

Question 2

Notes on IMF

Answer 2

• provides loans for countries in debt with strict rules
• neo colonial strategy

Negatives
- they privatise services
- exacerbate poverty which undermines ecnomic sovereignty

Question 3

IGO CASE STUDY - Jamaica

Answer 3

PROS
- tourism increased
- IMF support

Cons
- have been suffering in debt for 40 years
- IMF supported by dictating policies and spending with Jamaica, such as cutting public services, which increase inequality + poverty - £1.1 million
- spend 2x as much on repayments and education + health
- IMF only interested in short term development rather than long term
- conditions are worse

The debt occurred:
- due to oil crisis
- US dollar interests rose so debt payements rose
- maternal mortality increased
- Total debt is $1.85 trillion

Question 4

IGO CASE STUDY - Tanzania

Answer 4

• government - run water services
• clean water essential if social development goals are met
• unsafe water results in illness and school absences - as children have to carry water
• approached WB for help and they insisted that you privatise services in return for $43 million loan
• water bills were implemented but made it harder for poorer households to pay and were disconnected and reverted to old use of unsafe water
• The contact was cancelled in 2005 ad services run locally again with support form extend players such as the Indian government providing US $178 million for water projet
• seemed helped forme merging superpowers like China and India

Question 5

Why do countries become members of IGOS?

Answer 5

1.Free trade area
- no internal trade barriers
- individual members retain their own currencies and economic policies
2. Customs union
- no internal tarde barriers
- common external tariffs
3. Single market
- free movement of labour
4. Political union
- Unity, boundaries disappear
- total freedom of movement of goos,services labour etc

Question 6

Actions taken by IGOS to protect the environment finish

Answer 6

1. Convention of international trade of endangered species - CITES
   - ensure international trade of wild animals do not threaten the survival of species
2. UN convention on the law of the -UNCLOS
   - provide comprehensive governance of the worlds oceans and seas
   3.The water convention
   - ensure sustains;e use of trans boundary water resources
   4.MEA - mellinium ecosystem assembly
   - protect human health and environment against the adverse effects of hazardous waste
   5.Glasgow COP 27
3. Dubai Cop 28

Question 7

Paris climate agreement

Answer 7

• failed to include countries adapting to global warming
• Only 16% of $100 billion a year pledged by rich nation in 2009 to help the poor.