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APHYS 1 > Vision | Accessory Structures > Flashcards

Vision | Accessory Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What are the palpebrae and what is their function

A

Eyelids; keep foreign objects out of the eye

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2
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

Space between the two eyelids

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3
Q

Canthi

A

Corners of the eye

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4
Q

Caruncle

A

The pinkish mound in the canthi that holds sebaceous sweat glands

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5
Q

What are the 5 layers of the eyelid?

A

1) Skin
2) Aerolar connective tissue
3) Muscle
4) Tarsal Plate
5) Palpebral conjunctiva

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6
Q

What is the tarsal plate?

A

A dense layer of connective tissue. It helps maintain the shape of the eyelid

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7
Q

What are the two muscles in the eyelid?

A

Orbicularis Oculi > closes the eyelid

Levator palpebrae > opens the eyelid

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8
Q

Ciliary glands

A

Lubricate eyelashes

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9
Q

Sty

A

inflammation of the ciliary glands

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10
Q

Meibomian glands

A

A sebaceous gland that produces sebum

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11
Q

Sebum

A

What lubricates eyelids and keeps tears in the eye

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12
Q

Chalazion

A

An infection of the meibomian glands

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13
Q

Conjunctiva

A

The mucous membrane in eyelids and exposed part of the eye that lubricates the eye

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14
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva on inner surface of eyelids

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15
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva on anterior white surface of the eye

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16
Q

Conjunctive fornices

A

Where palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva meet

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17
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of conjunctiva

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18
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Located on the side above the eye, it produces tears

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19
Q

What are tears made of?

A

Mostly water, some salts, mucous, and a bacteria-killing enzyme

20
Q

What are the three lacrimal structures on the inside of the eye?

A

Lacrimal caniliculi (two small ducts that connect to Lacrimal duct)
Lacrimal duct
Nasolacrimal duct

21
Q

What are the 6 extrinsic eye muscles?

A 
Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Lateral Rectus
Medial Rectus
Superior Oblique
Inferior Oblique
22
Q

H-Test

A

Clinical test for normal eye movement. If a person can follow the “H” their eye movement is normal.

23
Q

What are the 3 Tunics (Layers) of the eye?

A

Fibrous Tunic
Vascular Tunic
Nervous Tunic

24
Q

What structures does the Fibrous tunic contain?

A

The sclera

The cornea

25
Q

What structures does the Vascualr Tunic contain?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

26
Q

What structure does the nervous Tunic contain?

A

Retina

27
Q

What is the sclera and what does it do?

A

White, outerlayer of eye.

Maintains the shape of the ye, and is an attachment point for eye muscles

28
Q

What is the cornea and what does it do?

A

Avascular, transparent structure that allows light to enter the eyes

Fun fact - it was the first organ transplant since it’s avascular
Cornea injuries can make the cornea become opaque and light can’t pass through

29
Q

What is the choroid and what does it do?

A

It’s a thin membrane inside the vascular tunic

30
Q

IRis

A

the colored part of the eye

31
Q

Pupil

A

Where light enters the eye

32
Q

What are the two intrinsic eye muscles?

A

Sphincter pupillae
Dilator pupillae
These are smooth muscles that regular the amount of light going in to the eye

33
Q

What are the 3 chambers of the eye?

A

Anterior Chamber
Posterior Chamber
Vitreous Chamber

34
Q

Anterior chamber location

A

Between cornea and iris

35
Q

Posterior chamber location

A

between iris and lense

36
Q

Vitreos chamber location

A

Surrounded by Retina

37
Q

What is the Aqueous Humor and what does it do?

A

Ther Fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chamber.

Maintains pressure to keep eye inflated
- refracts light
provides nutrition for structures in the anterior chamber

38
Q

Scelral venous sinus

A

The structure that circulates aqueous humor

39
Q

How does a person get glaucoma?

A

Lack of aqueous humor circulation

40
Q

Lens

A

An odd biological structure that is transparent and biconvex with Crystalline proteins and covered by a capsule

41
Q

Which Tunic is the retina located in the eye?

A

The nervous tunic

42
Q

What is the macula?

A

The small yellow spot in the retina

43
Q

What si the Fovea centralis and what does it do?

A

It’s in the center of the macula. It is where light is most focused when looking at an object

44
Q

Optic disk

A

A light spot in the retina where there are lots of blood vessels and where the optic nerve exits the eye

Contains no photoreceptors, and so it is known as the blind spot of the eye.

45
Q

What are 3 conditions you can diagnose with an ophthalmoscope?

A

Hypertension
Papilledema (increased CSF - cerebrospinal fluid)
Cataracts

46
Q

Ciliary Muscles

A

smooth muscles that control the shape of the lens

47
Q

Ciliary Process

A

Responsible for circulation of aqueous humor

APHYS 1 (49 decks)

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