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APHYS 1 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Structural classifications of joints (3)

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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2
Q

Functional categories of joints (3)

A

Synathroses (immovable)
Amphiarthroses (slightly movable)
Diarthroses (Freely movable)

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3
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Two bones united by fibrous connective tissue.

No joint cavity; little to no movement

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4
Q

3 classes of fibrous joint

A

Sutures
syndesmoses
gomphoses

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5
Q

Sutures

A

Seams found only between bones of skull

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6
Q

Sutural ligament

A

Two layers of periosteum plus dense fibrous connective tissues in a suture

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7
Q

Fontanel

A

Membranous joint area in newborn

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8
Q

Synotosis

A

A fully ossified suture

two bones grow together across a joint to form a single bone

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9
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Slightly movable type of fibrous joint
Bones are further apart than a suture and are joined by ligaments
EG - radioulnar syndesmosis

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10
Q

Gomphoses

A

Specialized joints of pegs that fit into sockets; held in place by collagenous connective tissue

Only ones in the human body are between teeth and sockets (alveoli) of the mandible and maxillae

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11
Q

Periodontal ligaments

A

Connective tissue bundles between teeth and sockets
allow “give” to teeth during mastication

Also allows tooth realignment with braces

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12
Q

Gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gingiva (gums) caused by bacterial infection

can spread to tooth socket and cause loss of tooth

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13
Q

Cartilaginous joints (2)

A

Unite two bones by cartilage

Connection can be hyaline or fibrocartilage

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14
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Joints with hyaline cartilage
Little or no movement occurs
Most synchondroses are temporary

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15
Q

Joint type of epiphyseal plates

A

synchondroses

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16
Q

Symphysis

A

Fibrocartilage uniting two bones
Eg - manubrium and body of sternum, symphysis pubis, intervertebral disks
Slightly moveable

17
Q

Synovial joints

A

Fluid joints that allow considerable movement between articulating bones

18
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers surfaces of bones within synovial joints

Provides smooth surfaces where the bones meet

19
Q

Articular disk / Meniscus

A

flat pad of fibrocartilage that lies between articular cartilages of bones

20
Q

Joints with menisci

A

Knee

Writes

21
Q

Meniscus

A

A type of articular disk

Only partially spans synovial cavity, creating an opening in the center

22
Q

Joint capsule - purpose & two layers

A 
Purpose - surround joint cavity to hold bones together and allow for movement
Fibrous capsule (outer layer) and inner synovial membrane (inner layer)
23
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

the outer layer of the joint capsule

Dense irregular connective tissue; continuous with the fibrous later of periosteum

24
Q

Synovial membrane

A

the inner layer of the joint capsule

produce synovial fluid

25
Q

Fat pad

A

adipose tissue between the fibrous capsule and synovial membrane to protect articular cartilage
Found in elbow and knee

26
Q

Synovial fluid composition

A

polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, cells from the blood fluid

27
Q

Bursa

A

A pocket or sac where the synovial membrane extends

28
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of teh bursa - can cause pain around joint and restrict movement

29
Q

6 Types of synovial joints

A 
plane
saddle
hinge
pivot
ball-and-socket
ellipsoid
30
Q

3 types of movement at synovial joints

A

Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial

31
Q

Plane joint - definition, type of movement, example

A

(gliding joint) - two flat bone surfaces where a gliding motion can occur
Uniaxial
EG - articular processes between vertebrae

32
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

connective tissue disorder

the joint capsule is thickened and destroys articular cartilage

33
Q

Saddle joint - definition, type of movement, example

A

saddle-shaped surfaces @ right angles
Biaxial
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

34
Q

Hinge joint - definition, type of movement, example

A

Confex cylinder applied to concavity in other bone
Uniaxial
Elbow and knee

35
Q

Pivot joint - definition, type of movement, example

A

The movement to rotation around a single axis
Uniaxial
Head of the radius and the proximal end of ulna; dens process and atlas

36
Q

Ball-and-socket joint - definition, type of movement, example

A

Head of one bone (ball) and socket in adjacent bone
Multiaxial
Shoulder and Hip

37
Q

Ellipsoid joint - definition, type of movement, example

A

Modified ball and socket joint. Heads are ellipsoid in shape instead of spherical
Biaxial
Antlantoociptal joint of the neck

APHYS 1 (49 decks)

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