Function of the eye Flashcards

1
Q

How does the lens focus?

A

The lens changes shape; the distance between the lens and the object remains unchanged

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2
Q

Emmetropia

A

The normal resting condition of the eye when the lens is flattened so that parallel rays from a distant object are focused

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3
Q

What is the far point of vision?

A

It is where the lens doesn’t have to thicken to focus

It’s about 20ft from the eye

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4
Q

Focal point

A

Where light rays cross and converge and cause focusing

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5
Q

What are the 3 events required to bring an image closer than 7 feet to focus called?

A

1) Accommodation
2) Pupil constriction
3) Convergence

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6
Q

Accommodation

A

The lens shape changes and becomes more spherical so it’s easier to see close up

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7
Q

Near point of vision

A

Where the lens can no longer become more convex and close up objects become blurry

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8
Q

Presbyopia

A

Increase in near point of vision as one ages. It’s why old people need reading glasses

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9
Q

Pupil construction

A

Responsible for depth of focus

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10
Q

Depth of focus

A

The greatest distance an object can move and still be focused

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11
Q

Covnergence

A

Medial rotation of the eye (cross-eyed)

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12
Q

2 Layer of the retina

A

Pigmented (anterior) and Nueronal (posterior)

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13
Q

Rods

A

Photoreceptor cells for noncolor vision

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14
Q

Rhodopsin

A

Purple pigment located in the discs of rods

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15
Q

Opsin

A

A protein in Rhodopsin

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16
Q

Renital (Vitamin A)

A

Yellow photosensitive pifment that bonds with opsin

17
Q

Where are rod cells unstiumlated?

A

In the dark

18
Q

Where are rod cells stimulated/ hyperpolarized

A

In the light

19
Q

How does rod cell hyperpolarization work

A

Na+ channels close, less Na+ enters the cells, thus glutamate released decreases and the cell is hyper polarized

20
Q

Light and dark adaptation

A

Adjustment of the eye changes in the amount of light.

It is achieved by changes in amount of available rhodopsin

21
Q

Cones

A

Responsible for color vision and visual acuity

Require bright light to work well

22
Q

Iodopsin

A

A visual pigment in cone cells

23
Q

Why can we see all the colors?

A

Even thought there are only Red, green, and blue photo pigments, their wavelengths overlap which allows us to perceive multiple colors

24
Q

Where are cones most numerous?

A

In areas of the retina associated with visual acuity, like the macula and fovea

25
Q

Where are rods?

A

The are in the remainder of the retina

26
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

Correct with a concave lens

27
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

Correct with a convex lens

28
Q

Astigmatism

A

Cornea / lens is not uniformly curved

29
Q

Dichromatism

A

Red/green colorblindness

30
Q

2 cell types in the inner layer of the retina

A

Bipolar cells and ganglion cells

31
Q

Optic disk

A

Where teh cells of the retina converge

32
Q

Optic nerve

A

The cranial nerve leaving the eye and taking information to the visual cortex of the brain.

33
Q

Optic chiasm

A

The place in the brain, behind the pituitary cavity, where the optic nerves meet and divide into two optic tracts

34
Q

The optic tracts do what?

A

Take the information to the back of the brain to the optic radiations

35
Q

Optic radiations

A

Take visual information to the visual cortex, where the brain interperates it.

36
Q

Tunnel vision

A

Inability to detect objects in temporal half of visual field

Often a sign of a pituitary tumor

37
Q

Binocular vision

A

Where the field of vision between both eyes overlap and gives us depth perception