Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

THree types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

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2
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

40% of the body’s weight

Responsible for voluntary movements

Attached to bones

Cell shape long and cylindrical

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3
Q

Smooth msucle

A

Most widely distributed muscle in the body Involuntary; performs necessary functions such as moving food through digestive tracts, etc. The cell is spindle-shaped

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4
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Only found in the heart Contracts spontaneously and rhythmically Involuntary Cells are cylindrical and branched

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5
Q

Functions of skeletal msucle

A

1) movement of pody 2) mantenance of posture 3) Respiration 4) Production of body heat 5) Communication (speaking, writing, typing, etc.)

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6
Q

Function of smooth muscle

A

Constriction of organs and vessels

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7
Q

Function of cardiac muscle

A

Contraction of the heart

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8
Q

4 functional properties of muscle tissue

A

COntractility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity

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9
Q

Contractility

A

The ability of muscle to shorten forcefully and lengthen passively

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10
Q

Excitability

A

Capacity fof muscle to respond to electrical stimulus

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11
Q

Extensibility

A

ability of muscle to be stretched eyond normal resting length and still be able to contract

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12
Q

Elasticity

A

ability of muscle to spring back to its original resting length after beign stretched

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers

A

a complete skeletal muscle organic consisting of cells

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14
Q

Fascicles

A

A visible bundle of connective tissue that composes a muscle

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15
Q

Perimyseum

A

A layer of connecteive tissue that surrounds a fasciculus

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16
Q

Epimysium

A

A layer of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

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17
Q

Muscular fascia

A

Sheets of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue that separates individual muscles or groups of muscles. Located superficial to the epimysium

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18
Q

Motor neurons

A

Speicalized nerve cell responsible for stimulating skeletal muscle contraction Originate in teh brain adn spinal cord and extend to skeletal muscle fibers through nerves

19
Q

Muscle fibers

A

Each cell is a muscle fiber Long, cylindrical cells Several nuclei Striated

20
Q

Myoblasts

A

multinucleated immature cells that develop muscle fibers

21
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of muscle, not number of muscle fibers

22
Q

Sarcolemma

A

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

23
Q

External lamina

A

delicate connective tissue layer outside the sarcolemma

24
Q

Endomysium

A

Second layer outside the sarcolemma

25
Q

Tranverse tubules (T tubules)

A

Found along the surface of the sarcolemma

26
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fiber

27
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell

28
Q

Myofibrils

A

bundles of protein filaments found in the sarcoplasm

29
Q

Myofilaments

A

Long, thin protein filaments inside a myofibril

30
Q

2 types of myofilaments

A

Actin myofilaments (thin) myosin myofilaments (thick)

31
Q

Sarcomere

A

units of actin and myosin myofilaments that are arranged in an ordered fashion or form myofibrils Basic structural and functional unity of skeletal muscle. Smallest portion of the muscle capable of contracting

32
Q

Z disks

A

Separate one sarcomere from the next

33
Q

Sarcomere striated appearance is caused by

A

2 I-bands (light stain) 1 A anisotropic band (I-band) (dark stain

34
Q

Mysoin structure

A
35
Q

Actin myofilament structure

A
36
Q

Action potentials

A

Electrical signals from motor neurons that stiumlate muscle fibermovement

37
Q

Neuromuscular junction/synapse

A

Where the motor neuron axon branches meet with muscle fiber

38
Q

ACh (acetylcholine)

A

organic molecule of acetic acid and choline.

The neurotransmitter that stimulates or inhibits production of action potential

39
Q

Sliding filament model

A

How a muscle contracts.

Parallel arrangement of myofilaments in a sarcomere allows them to interact

40
Q

Membrane potential

A

Charge difference across the plasma membrane of an unstimulated cell

41
Q

Two types of gated ion channels

A

Ligand-gated ion channels - open when a ligand (chemical signal like a neurotransmitter) binds to a receptor

Voltage-gated ion channels - open and close in response to particular membrane potential. Na+, K+, and Ca2+ are the major ones.

42
Q

Action potential

A

Reversal of resting membrane protential

Inside of plasma membrane becomes positively charged

Opens ion channels, diffiusion of ions through these channels changes

2 phases - depolarization adn repolarization

43
Q

Threshold

A

Where an actional potential is triggered if depolarization is strong enough

44
Q

All or none principle

A

All action potentials are identical. If a stimulus is strong enough to produce a depolarization that reaches a threshold, or even exceeds the threshold, all of the permeability changes proceed.