The Brain // development, brainstem, and cerebellum

Question 1

Early Embryo Forebrain > Late Embryo? > Adult?

Answer 1

Telencephalon > Cerebrum

Diencephalon > Diencephalon

Question 2

Early Embryo Midbrain > Late Embryo? > Adult?

Answer 2

Midbrain > Midbrain

Question 3

Early Embryo Hindbrain > Late Embryo? > Adult?

Answer 3

Metenchephalon > Pons & Cerebellum

Myelencephalon > Medulla oblongata

Question 4

Brainstem
What is it?
What comprises it?
What nerve

Answer 4

Connect the spinal cord to the cerebrum
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Cranial nerve nuclei

Question 5

Medulla oblongata - what is it, and what is its function?

Answer 5

the pathway from ascending and descending nerve tracts

Center for Important reflexes (heart rate, breathing, swallowing)

Question 6

Pyramids of the medulla oblongata

Answer 6

enlargements on the anterior surface of MO

involved in conscious control of skeletal muscles

Question 7

Decussate

Answer 7

Fibers in descending tracts crossing to the opposite side

Part of the reason that each half of the brain controls the opposite side of the body.

Question 8

Olives

Answer 8

Part of the MO involved in balance, coordination, and modulation of sound.

Question 9

Pons

Answer 9

Superior to MO
Relays information from the cerebrum to cerebellum
Contains pontine sleep center, which initiates REM and pontine respiratory center to help control respiratory movements.

Question 10

Midbrain

Answer 10

Superior to the pons, the smallest region of the brainstem

Question 11

The four mounds of the midbrain

Answer 11

Corpora quadrigemina (4 twin bodies)

• Superior colliculi
• Inferior colliculi

Question 12

Superior colliculi

Answer 12

Receive sensory input, relax movement of the head,

Question 13

INferior colliculi

Answer 13

Involved in hearing

Question 14

Reticular formation

Answer 14

Loosely packed nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem. Play a role in arousal and awareness

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

the little brain; attached to the brainstem posterior to the pons.

Contains more neurons than the entire cerebral cortex.

Question 16

What are the cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 16

The three tracts of the cerebellum

1) Superior peduncle > connects cerebellum to the midbrain
2) Middler peduncle > connects cerebellum to pons
3) Inferior peduncle connects cerebellum to the medulla oblongata

Question 17

What are the ridges of the cerebellar cortex called?

Answer 17

Folia

Question 18

The 3 parts of the cerebellum

Answer 18

Flocculonodular lobe > control balance and eye movement
Vermis > Posture, locomotion, and fine motor coordination
Lateral hemispheres > Planning, practicing, and learning complex movements

Question 19

Diencephalon

Answer 19

The part of the brain between the brainstem and cerebrum

Question 20

4 main components of the diencephalon

Answer 20

Thalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 21

Thalamus

Answer 21

All sensory neurons (except olfactory) synapse in the thalmaus > then relays those messages to appropriate areas of cerebral cortex.

Also influences mood and actions associated with strong emotions

Question 22

Which sensory axons synapse in the Medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 22

Auditory

Question 23

Which sensory axons synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 23

Visual

Question 24

Where does pain register in the thalamus

Answer 24

Doral tier of nuclei

Question 25

Subthalamus

Answer 25

involved in controlling motor functions

Question 26

Epithalamus

Answer 26

Region superior and posterior to the thalamus

Question 27

2 glands of the epithalamus

Answer 27

Habenula > emotional response to odors

Pineal gland > modulation of sleep/wake cycle

Question 28

Hypothalamus

Answer 28

The inferior portion of the diencephalon

The central controller of the endocrine system