Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus

Question 1

The function of the pituitary gland

Answer 1

secretes nine major hormones that regulate body functions

Question 2

The function of the hypothalamus

Answer 2

Regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland in response to other hormones, sensory information, and emotions

Question 3

Infundibulum

Answer 3

a tissue that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Question 4

Neurohypophysis

Answer 4

Posterior pituitary.

Continuous with hypothalamus (neuro)

Since it is part of the nervous system, its hormones are neuropeptides

Question 5

Adenohypophsis

Answer 5

Anterior pituitary

Secretes traditional hormones (was developed from empryonic oral cavity, not from the brain)

Question 6

Hypothalamohypophysial portal system

Answer 6

A portal vessel systems that directly connects primary capillaries to secondary capillaries

The system delivers hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary.

connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

Question 7

2 types of hormones the hypothalamus can send to anterior pitutiary

Answer 7

release hormones (stimulate AP secretion)

inhibiting hormones (prevent AP secretion)

Question 8

Hypothalamohypophysial tract

Answer 8

a tract from the hypothalamus through the infundibulum into the posterior pituitary

Axons of neurosecretory neurons follow this tract - their cells bodies are in the hypothalamus. since the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus continuous

Question 9

2 Posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 9

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

Both are neurohormones

Question 10

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 10

water-conservation hormone that prevents large amounts of urine

AKA vasopressin (also constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure)

Target tissue is Kidney tubules

Question 11

Osmolality

Answer 11

As the concentration of solutes in solution increase, osmolality increases

Question 12

Osmorecetpors

Answer 12

Specialized neurons that are sensitive to changes in blood osmolality

Blood osmolality increases, > cause increase of ADH > cause Kidneys to retain more water

Question 13

Oxytocin

Answer 13

An important reproductive hormone.

Stimulate labor
Stimulates uterine contractions to help rid the uterus of its lining
Facilitates movement of sperm cells through the uterus
Responsible for milk letdown

Question 14

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Answer 14

Proteins, glycoproteins, or polypeptides

Transported in blood plasma, have a half-life in minutes, and bind to membrane-bound receptor molecules

Question 15

Tropic hormones (6)

Answer 15

hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones

Growth hormone
Prolactin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 16

Growth Hormone

Answer 16

Stimulates growth in tissues, plays a role in determining how tall a person will become, regulates metabolism.

Question 17

Somatomedins and IGFs

Answer 17

Polypeptide increases as a result of an indirect effect on some tissues from Growth Hormone

Insulin-like growth factors - the best-known somatomedins

Question 18

2 Neurohormones released from the hypothalamus that regulate the secretion of GH

Answer 18

GHRH

GHIH

Question 19

Prolactin

Answer 19

Milk production in mammary glands of lactating females

Question 20

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 20

TSH (thyrotropin)

Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland

Question 21

Pituitary dwarfism

Answer 21

Chronic hyposecretion (insufficient) of GH.

Results in short stature, but bones of normal shape, and normal intelligence

Question 22

Gigantism

Answer 22

Chronic hypersecretion of GH before the epiphyseal plates ossify

Question 23

Acromegaly

Answer 23

Chronic elevation of Gh levels in adults. No change in height. Increased diameter of fingers, toes, hands, feet, heavy bone ridges about eyes, prominent jaw

Question 24

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 24

stimulates the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex.

Stimulated by environmental stress

Question 25

Lipotromins

Answer 25

Cause lipid breakdown and release of fatty acids into the blood

Question 26

Beta endorphins

Answer 26

Olay a role in analgesia in response to stress and exercise

Question 27

Gonadotropins

Answer 27

Glycoprotein hormones capable of promoting the growth and function of the gonads

Question 28

2 major gonadotropins

Answer 28

Luteinizing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone

Stimulate the production of gametes