Parathyroid Gland & Adrenal Gland Flashcards
Where are the parathyroid glands?
Embedded in the poster part of each lobe of the thyroid gland
What two cells make up the parathyroid?
Chief cells and oxyphils
What do chief cells do?
Secrete parathyroid hormone
What do oxyphils do?
It is unknown
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Regulates calcium levels in body fluids - stimulates osteoclast activity
target tissue is bone, kidneys (calcium reabsorption within the kidneys), and small intestine
Hypocalcemia
Inactive parathyroid glands result in low levels of calcium in the blood
Symptoms are nervousness, muscle spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, convulsions
Adrenal glands
Located near the superior poles of kidneys, surrounded by adipose tissue, well-developed blood supply
Produce a diverse set of hormones
Medulla and crotex
Medulla is the inner layer of the kidney, cortex outer layer
Derived from embryonic tissue
Adrenal medulla arises from neural crest cells, as does the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
3 layers of the adrenal cortex
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
Zona glomerulosa
Outer layer
Secretes aldosterone
zona fasciculata
Middle, thickest layer
Secretes cortisol
Zona reticularis
Deepest layerl Secretes androgens
The two major hormones of the adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
Norephinephrine
Target tissues and response of ephinephrine and norephinephrine
Heart, blood vessles, liver, adipose cells
Increased cardiac output, increased blood flow to muscles and heart
Preparation for physical activity
Half life in minutes
Mineralocorticoids
Adrenal cortex hormone
Regulate ion balance in blood
