Endocrine System: Principles of Chemical Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Secretion

A

The controlled release of chemicals from a cell

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2
Q

Autocrine chemical messengers & example

A

Chemical messenger that stimulates the cell that originally secreted it

Ex: White blood cells that stimulate their own replication

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3
Q

Paracrine chemical messengers & example

A

CMs that act locally on neighboring cells

Ex: histamine, released by white bloodcells during an allergic reaction, which stimulates vasodilation in blood vessels near by

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4
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemcial messengers secreted by neurons into a synaptic cleft

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5
Q

Endocrine chemical messengers

A

CMs secreted into bloodstream by certain glands and cells. CMs travel through the general circulation to their target cell

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6
Q

Target tissue / effector

A

The destination for horomones that are secreted in to the bloodstream

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7
Q

Exocrine glands

A

DIFFERENT than endocine glands.

Ducts that carry their secretions to teh outside of the body, like saliva, breast milk, etc.

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8
Q

Nervous system v. Endocrine System

A

Text v. Tweets

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9
Q

Neuropeptide

A

Neurons that secrete hormones > the neuron’s chem messenger enters the bloodstream, where it functions as a hormone.

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10
Q

Differences in nervous and endocrine system: mode of transport

A

Endocrine > hormones secreted in to bloodstream

Nervous > neurotransmitters released directly on to target cells

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11
Q

Differences in nervous and endocrine system: speed

A

Endocrine > more slow

Nervous > fast

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12
Q

Differences in nervous and endocrine system: Duration of response

A

Endocrine >Longer lasting effects, since hormones remain in the bloodstream

Nervous > activates targets quickly, and only for as long as action potentials are sent

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13
Q

Amplitude-modulated signals

A

Associated with endocrine system

Total amount of signal produced and the fluctuations in concentration of signal over time

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14
Q

Frequency-modulated signlas

A

Associated with nervous system

How often a signal is sent in a certain period of time

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