Viral immunity

Question 1

viruses are

Answer 1

obligate intracellular pathogens

Question 2

viruses depend on

Answer 2

host proteins and machineries for replicattion

Question 3

viruses can have as a few genes as

Answer 3

3-4

Question 4

viruses can have as many genes as

Answer 4

hundred

Question 5

types of viral DNA

Answer 5

ssRNA
dsRNA
ssDNA
dsDN

Question 6

DNA is enclosed within

Answer 6

the capsid

Question 7

viruses can be

Answer 7

cytopathic and non cytopathic

Question 8

cytopathic viruses induce

Answer 8

cell autophagy or apoptosis

Question 9

non-cytopathic

Answer 9

doe not destroy cell

Question 10

name two cytopathic viruses

Answer 10

• polio
• herpes
• influenza

Question 11

name as cell with a latent stage

Answer 11

herpes

Question 12

name a non-cytopathic virus

Answer 12

Hep-B

Question 13

name 4 methods that viruses use to break and enter humans

Answer 13

• intestinal route
• respiratory rout
• insect vector
• blood born

Question 14

intestinal viruses

Answer 14

polio

Question 15

polio

Answer 15

enter the body via sampling M cells

Question 16

respiratory viruses

Answer 16

influenza and rhino viruses

Question 17

influenza and rhino viruses

Answer 17

enter via epithelial cells in the airway

Question 18

insect vector

Answer 18

dengue fever and west nile virus

Question 19

blood born

Answer 19

invade through mucosa or following epithelial trauma

Question 20

how to viruses enter the body- simple

Answer 20

by exploiting special molecules as receptors for invasion

Question 21

viral tropism

Answer 21

most virus’ invade using receptors with restricted tissue expression patterns

Question 22

name three receptors that HIV used to invade

Answer 22

CD4, CCR5, CD209

Question 23

CD4 type of receptor

Answer 23

Ig superfamily

Question 24

CCR5 type of receptor

Answer 24

chemokine

Question 25

CD209 type of receptor

Answer 25

C-type lectin

Question 26

viruses are the most common

Answer 26

recurring infection in humans

Question 27

which type of viral infection causes the most mortality

Answer 27

zoonotic

Question 28

HIV came from

Answer 28

chimpanzees in Africa

Question 29

Hantavirus

Answer 29

rodents in S/N America

Question 30

SARs coronavirus

Answer 30

Bats in china

Question 31

innate response to virus’

Answer 31

• IFN
• complement
• NK cells

Question 32

adaptive response to virus’

Answer 32

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

B cells- antibodies

Question 33

which type of immune cell is most abundant

Answer 33

CD8 T cells- population rises quickly after infection

Question 34

CD4 T cell expansion

Answer 34

also occurs, but at a lower magnitude

Question 35

neutralising antibodies

Answer 35

antibodies bind to virus’ preventing their uptake

Question 36

when an antibody is bound to a virus was binds

Answer 36

C1q/r/s

Question 37

C1q/r/s

Answer 37

complex couples antibody binding with the classical pathway

• analogous to MBL

Question 38

NK cell mediated ADCC

Answer 38

antibodies bound to infected cell triggers NK cells to cytotoxically kill

Question 39

epidemic

Answer 39

a disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at
a rate that substantially exceeds what is ‘expected’, based on recent evidence

Question 40

an epidemic may be restricted to..

Answer 40

one locale (an outbreak), more general (an epidemic) or even global (pandemic)

Question 41

pandemic

Answer 41

an epidemic that spreads through human populations across a large region e.g. a continent, or even worldwide