Immunotherapy summary Flashcards

1
Q

many cancer ells in the body

A

blend in as normal cells and are not destroyed by the immune system

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2
Q

human antibodies can be used to

A

block/mediate the section b/w immune system and cancer cell

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3
Q

which cytokine is particularly protective against cancer

A

IL-2

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4
Q

tumour micro environment is rich in

A

Tumour Infiltrating T-Lymphocytes (TILs)

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5
Q

those who have many TILs

A

are more likely to survive

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6
Q

3 ways therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can be used

A
  • carry cytotoxic agents to tumour
  • induce ADCC or Complement-mediated Lysis
  • block activity of tumour specific protein
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7
Q

Rituximab used to treat

A

Hodgkins non-lymphoma

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8
Q

Herceptin used to treat

A

breast cancer

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9
Q

rituximab is what sort of antibody

A

chimeric

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10
Q

herceptin is what sort of antibody

A

humanised

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11
Q

how does rituximab treat HNL

A

induces complement mediated lysis and ADCC

- naked mAb

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12
Q

rituximab is targeted against

A

CD20 on B cells

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13
Q

HNL causes

A

malignant growth of B cells - tumour in lymph nodes

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14
Q

Herceptin works by

A

blocking activity of tumour specific protein

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15
Q

Types of immunotherapy

A
  • immune system modulators
  • immune checkpoint modulators
  • immune cell therapy
  • active vaccintation
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16
Q

3 types of immune checkpoint protein inhibition

A

1) co-stimulatin in CD28- chances T cell activation by APC
2) CTLA-4 ligation on activated T cell down regulated T cell response
3) block CTLA-4 ligation enhances T cell response

17
Q

CTLA-4 bids to

A

B7

18
Q

CTLA-4 binding to B7

A

no T cell activation

19
Q

anti-CTLA-4 mAb

A

blocks CTLA-4 activity with B7- T cella citvation

20
Q

TGN1412 was used to treat

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, but even at 500th conc of what was tested in animals- still caused sepsis

21
Q

mechanism of TGN1412

A

antibody binds to CD28 co-stimualtor pair

  • potent agonist
  • stimulates inflammatory production
  • Cytokinemia
22
Q

adoptive immune therapy involves

A

Using normal TILs

23
Q

TIL

A

tumour infiltrating T-lymphocytes

24
Q

if you cant produce sufficient TILs

A

then the cancer will not be fought by immune system

25
Q

TILs for by

A

shrinking and destroying tumours

26
Q

How does adoptive immune therapy using TILs work

A

1) TILs collected from tumour sample
2) TILs that show greatest recognition of tumour are selected
3) stimulated to be activated and proliferate by cytokines
4) injected back into patients blood stream

27
Q

CAR T cell stands for

A

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell

28
Q

when are CAR T cel therapy used

A

when own t-cells cant recognise irregular cancer cells

29
Q

Process of CAR T cell therapy

A

1) thousands of T cells collected from blood of patient
2) T cells are re-programmed (via introduction of DNA for a new receptor by a virus
3) new receptor is called a Chimeric Antigen receptor- new cells grown in lab and infused back into patients

30
Q

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)

A

modified forms of TCRs
- have a high affinity for specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells

-

31
Q

Once CAR T cell is bound to cancer cell

A

modified T cell become activated and attacks virus

32
Q

antibody used to treat Alzheimers

A

solanezumab

33
Q

antibody used to treat Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Toxilizumab

34
Q

Toxilizumab

A

humanised and blocks IL-6R receptor

35
Q

Immune checkpoint protein

A

CTLA-4

36
Q

Which antibody used as antagonist against CTLA-4

A

Ipilimumab