Defence against specific Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

phagocytosis of candida albicans is activated by

A

complement

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2
Q

phagocytosis of candida triggers

A

production of ROS

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3
Q

Interaction of cell wall component such as mannoproteins and b-glucan with phagocyte receptors such as TLR2 an lectin 1 stimulates release of

A

IL-1, IL-6 and TNF

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4
Q

how can cytokines promote activation of the adaptive immune system

A

production of cytokines by activated neutrophils, together with direct interactions of neutrophils with dendritic cells within inflammatory sites promotes maturation of dendritic cells, such that the adaptive immunity becomes activates

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5
Q

where does the commensal fungus candida albicans colonise

A

the normal human oral gastrointestinal and urogenital mucosa - disruption of mucosal barriers leads to persistent superficial infections

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6
Q

thursh

A

a superficial infection of the oral mucosa

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7
Q

Candida esophagitis are

A

common opportunistic infections in patients with HIV

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8
Q

in the setting o compromised immunity

A

infections can disseminate to cause life-threatening infections of virtually any organ

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9
Q

which is the most common infection in humans

A

Candida

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10
Q

how common are candida infection in the US

A

4th most common nosocomial blood stream infections

- costs $1 billion per year

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11
Q

how to candida rpeorduce

A

asexually via budding

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12
Q

when does candida switch from yeast form to filamentous

A

when changes occur in microenvironment

- changes in pH, cell density, exposure to serum and iron deprivation

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13
Q

the ability of candida to switch morphologies has been linked to

A

pathogencitity

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14
Q

yeast form more easily

A

disseminated through bloodstream

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15
Q

filamentous form facilitates

A

invasion and evasion of phagocytosis

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16
Q

candida mutants unable to make the

A

dimorphic switch are commonly non-pathogenic in animal models

17
Q

Chromoblastomycosis and Fonsecaea pedrosoi

A

are non-fatal disease of skin and subcutaneous tissues

18
Q

where does Chromoblastomycosis and Fonsecaea pedrosoi frequently occur

A

in tropical and sub tropical regions of America, asia and africa

19
Q

when do infections causes by Chromoblastomycosis and Fonsecaea pedrosoi occur

A

following transcutaneous trauma

  • chronic disease that can take decades to develop (polymorphic skin lesion)
  • difficult to treament
20
Q

why is F. pedrosoi so pathogenic

A

F.pedrosoi does not stimulate TLR2- meaning not enough of an inflammatory response (TNF production0 occurs

-if an artificial agonist like Pam is introduced which stimulates TLr2, then an appropriate inflammatory response can be mounted

21
Q

F. pedrosoi binds to

A

MINCLE