TRICKY Flashcards
liposomal delivery ensures antigens enter the
cytosolic pathway- CD8
- important for infections which involve pathogens which reside inside cells- cytotoxic killing e.g. salmonellosis
liposomal carriers fuse with
APC
avian viruses prefer receptors on
intestinal cells- that home alpha-2,3- sialic acid linking to galactose
human viruses prefer receptors
respiratory epithelia- that homes the alpha2,60sialic acid linkage expressed
how do pig produce novel influenza virus’ capable of infecting humans
Pigs have both types of receptors (alpha-2,3/2,6 sialic acid), therefore it can be infected by both avian and human influenza and exchange segments between viral genes. therefore giving rise to novel surface proteins together with human adapted virulence determinants
what cleaves sialic acid
NA (neurominidase)
HIV binds to which receptor via which glycoproteins
CCR5 via gp120
CD receptor
which cell/ receptor does HIV bind to after M/epitheilial cell
binds to c-type lectin receptor on dendritic cell
example of genetic toxoid
CRM197
how is CRM197 made to be non toxic
mutation in catalytic A blocks activity
- glycine to glutamine acid substitution at residue 52
reverse vaccinology
takes a genome sequence of a microorganisms and tries to predict which protein would be effective for inclusion in a vaccine- proteins found on surface of bacteria
e.g. using pSORR
example of a vaccine that uses reverse vaccinology
Neisseria menignitides B - 4CMeB
its hard to develop a vaccine with
CD8 T cell response
mechanism of T cell activation by glycoconjugate
internalised into endosome of B cell and processed into glycansaccharide and glycanproteins
MHC II presentation of glycol peptide to antibody receptor on T cell by carbohydrate/MHCII results in CD4T cel producing cytokines which mature B cells to become memory cells
