Immune response summarised

Question 1

an immune response involves events that

Answer 1

happen locally, at the site of infection, and also at more distant sites e.g. lymph nodes

Question 2

how are most pathogens kept outside the body

Answer 2

via epitheilail barriers like the skin (epidermis/dermis)- only cross during injury

Question 3

After injury pathogens pass the epidermis and

Answer 3

establish infection in the underlying tissue

Question 4

which cells engulf pathogens

Answer 4

phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils and dendritic

Question 5

dendritic cells are activated by

Answer 5

binding pathogens- then leave infected tissue and migrate to a nearby lymph node

Question 6

where are dendritic cells collected

Answer 6

in a draining lymph node

Question 7

Where are T cells activated

Answer 7

in draining lymph nodes when dendritic cells present antigens

Question 8

activated t cells turn into

Answer 8

effector T cells and activate B cells to secrete antibodies

Question 9

effector T cells and antibodies leave circulation

Answer 9

ENTERING THE BLOOD STREAM AND LEAVE AT THE SITE OF INFECTION

Question 10

WHICH INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS INDUCE CHANGES IN BLOOD VESSELS NEAR INFECTED SITE

Answer 10

TNF-a

Question 11

CD4 T cells

Answer 11

activate macrophages to become more cytotoxic

Question 12

antibodies recruit

Answer 12

complement to lyse bacteria directly and opsonise them enhancing their uptake by macrophages

Question 13

in the case of viruses, activated CD8 T cells

Answer 13

kill any infected cells