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CBI - UOE > Bacterial infection- better > Flashcards

Bacterial infection- better Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity in bacterial infections

A
  • complement
  • phagocyte recognition
  • phagocyte killing
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2
Q

adaptive immunity in bacterial infections

A
  • CD8
  • CD4
  • antibodies
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3
Q

innate response is

A

quick, but low-level

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4
Q

innate recognised

A

molecules common to bacteria but absent form the host

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5
Q

innate immune uses what to recognise bacteria

A

Patter recognition receptors to recognise PAMPs

- coded for in germline- limited diversity

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6
Q

Complemement pathways

A

classical
lectin
alternative

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7
Q

classical pathway

A

trigger by recognition of Ag-Ab complex (IgG/IgM) via Fc receptors on immune cell

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8
Q

lectin pathway

A

recognition of microbial surfaces e.g. mannose

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9
Q

alternative

A

spontaneous- foreign surfaces e.g. LPS

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10
Q

Killing by complement steps

A

1) recognition of microbial component
2) generates C3
3) C3 convertase covalently bind to cell surface at which complement activation was initiated- confinedto infectious organism
4) C3 convertase breaks down into C3a and C3b
5) C3b binds to microbial surface and forms part of theC5b convertase (C3b/C5), which forms part of the membrane attack complex (MAC
6) Cda causes inflammation
7) MAC- causes pores to form- cell lysis

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11
Q

Which parts of complement form the MAC

A

mostly C9- C8, C9, C7, C6, C5b

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12
Q

roles of C3a and C5a

A

bind to their receptors on mast cells and causes degranulation of histamine

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13
Q

C5a

A

also a chemoattractant

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14
Q

C3b

A

opsonisation and phagocytosis

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15
Q

C5b9

A

lysis of microbe

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16
Q

two types of phagocyte killing

A

Indirect and direct recognition

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17
Q

indirect recognition

A

bacteria coated with antibodies are recognised by antibody receptor (Fc receptors) or bacteria coated with C3b are recognised by C3b receptors- triggers phagocytosis

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18
Q

direct recognition

A

PRRs recognising PAMPs e.g. by TLRs

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19
Q

consequence of phacgocyte killing

A
  • activating of pathways leding to cytokine and chemokine productions
  • ingestion and killing
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20
Q

TLRS have 2 portions

A

-extra-cellular and intracellular

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21
Q

extracellular

A

-ligand recognition

22
Q

intracellular

A

signalling

23
Q

bacteria recognised by TLRs are

A

ingested and killed by phagocytosis in the phagolysosome

24
Q

TLR/1/2

A

peptidoglycan

25
Q

TLR 4

26
Q

TLR3

27
Q

TLR 5

28
Q

TLR 7/8

29
Q

Il-1

A

activates endothelial cells- fever

30
Q

IL-6

A

proliferation of B cells- antibodies

31
Q

TNF-alpha

A

activates endothelial cells- fever

activate neutrophils

32
Q

interferon- alpha

A
  • antiviral immunity (CD4/8)

- used to treat HepB/C

33
Q

Interferon B

A
  • antiviral

- promotes CD4/8

34
Q

adaptive immunity recongises

A

antigens that are unique to individual pathogens

35
Q

the adaptive response is

A

slow to develop and mature, but evokes a powerful, long-lasting and remembered response

36
Q

MHC presentation

A

dendritic cells (APCs) phagocytose bacteria and process parts of it to be presented on the outside via MHC I/II receptors

37
Q

MHCI

A
  • markers for CD8 T cell responses- via cytosomal pathways
38
Q

MHC II

A

-markers for CD4 T cell response- via endosomal pathways

39
Q

CD8 T cell responses- cytotoxic- are appropriate when..

A

bacteria has invaded and grown within the host cell

40
Q

CD8 t cell responds by

A

killing host cell using perforins, granzymes and granulysin

41
Q

examples of infections tackled by CD8 response

A

TB
Salmonellosis
Listeriosis
Melioidosis

42
Q

CD4 Tcell secrete which cytokines

A

Il-17, TNF, IFN-Y,

43
Q

Il-17 and TNF alpha

A

inflammation

44
Q

IFN-Y

A

macrophage activation and phagocytosis

45
Q

B cells responses are promoted via

A

CD4 T cell response via various cytokines e.g. IL-6

46
Q

Roles of antibodies

A

-promote complement binding
-agglutination
-neutralising
-opsonising
-

47
Q

which bacterial diseases require n antibody response

A 
Tetanus
Plague
Pertussis
Streptococcal pneumoniae
Meningitis
Anthrax
48
Q

tetanus and anthrax, pertusissis

A

antibodies neutralise toxins

49
Q

Plague

A

antibodies have an unknown role

50
Q

Pertussis

A
  • neutralising toxin, agglutinating, opsonising, complement activating

CBI - UOE (61 decks)

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