Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CBI - UOE > Fungal better > Flashcards

Fungal better Flashcards

1
Q

how has evoltion affected fungal infections

A

they are often chronic and recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

unicellualr

A

yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

filamentous

A

mutlicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

endemic mycoses

A

only prevalent i regions with distinct climate conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

spore

A

air-borne- can reach terminal air-spaces e.g. Aspergillus fumigatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

innate- the host recongises

A

conserved cell wall constituents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the conserved cell wall constituents

A

B-glucans (1-3;1-6), chitin and galactans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name two innate PRRs which recognise Fungal FAs

A

Dectin -1 and TLRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where are Dectin-1 receptors highly conserved

A

on the surface of dendritic cells and lesser amounts on macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which part of the dectin-1 receptor recognises B-glucans

A

the C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

zymosan

A

cell wall fragments consisting of B-glucans, mannans, mannoproteins and chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens when a fungal FA engages with a Dectin -1

A

1) B-glucan binds to dectin-1 via c-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain
2) engagement of dectin-1 results in tyrosine phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic immunoreceptor (ITAM)
3) acts synergistic ally with TLRs to induce production of cytokines and produce ROS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

together TLRs and Dectin-1 cause

A

innate inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TLRs play a pivotal role in

A

distinguishing between apoptotic particles produced by normal tissue turnover and particles indicative of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why are TLRs and TLRs not only important for innate inflammation

A

also cause maturation of dendritic cells- initiating adaptive immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stimulation of TLRs leads to

A

production of pro-inflammatopry cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most TLRs signal through

A

MyD88

18
Q

MyD88

A

adaptor protein which binds to TLR following activation

19
Q

Candida albicans is a

A

commensal fungus, found in normal human flora

20
Q

where is candida albicans found

A

oral, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts

21
Q

what leads to persistent mucosal infection in CA

A

disruption of mucosal barriers

22
Q

thrush

A
  • superficial mucosal infection
23
Q

candia esophagitis

A

common infection within HIV patients.

24
Q

in immunocompromised patients CA infections

A

can disseminate to cause life-threatening infections in any organ

25
Q

collaborative signalling

A

involves both TLR and dectin-1 signalling at the same time to cause enhanced cytokine production

26
Q

what is TLRs adaptor protein

A

MyD88

27
Q

what id dectin-1 adaptor protein

A

Syk

28
Q

fungi and complement: candida express surface adhesion and mannoproteins whichactivate

A

alternative and lectin pathways

29
Q

Mannose Binding lefctin is a

A

collectin- opsonin

30
Q

MASPS

A

mannose-binding lectin associated serine proteases

31
Q

what do MASPs do

A

couple collectins to the complement pathway

32
Q

MASPs before ligand binding

A

lack protease ability

33
Q

after ligand bidding MASPs

A

bidning of MBL leads to a conformation change, promoting proteolytic activity of MASPs- intitating complement cascades

34
Q

defence against Candida infection

A

-activation of complement results in phagocytosis by neutrophilsa nd macrophages

35
Q

phagocytosis triggers

A

production of ROS

36
Q

interaction of cell wall componeents (mannoprotein, B-glucans and chitins) with phagocyte receptors such as TLR and dectin-1 stimualtes the release of

A

IL-1, IL-6, TNF (released by neutrophils)

37
Q

IL-1, IL-6 and TNF

A

promotes mature of dendritic cells- increasing adaptive response

38
Q

Chromoblastomycosis and Fonsecaea pedrosoi

A
  • non fatal
  • subcutaneous
  • occurs after transcutaneous trauma
  • chronic
  • hard to treat (anti-fungals and surgery)
39
Q

treatment for Chromoblastomycosis and Fonsecaea pedrosoi involves

A

trying to stimulate both TLR and Mincle to promtoe enhanced cytokine release

  • Chromoblastomycosis and Fonsecaea pedrosoi only stimulates Mincle response and not TLR
40
Q

wwhat is given to treat Chromoblastomycosis and Fonsecaea pedrosoi and why??

A

Pam3 CSK4

- makes sure TLR2 is also stimulated

41
Q

name three different receptors that recognise fungi and their adaptive proteins

A

TLR- Myd88

Dectin- Syk

Mincle- Syk

42
Q

Pam3CSK4

A

A TLR 2 agonist!

Given to patients with chromblastomycosis- to help stimulate both TLR2 response and Mincle –> enhanced cytokine signalling –> enhanced immune response

CBI - UOE (61 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions