Adaptive immunity Flashcards
immune memory consists of
T and B lymphocytes
T cells and antibodies can
recognise infinite number of targets
when does the adaptive system kick in
2-4 days after
adaptive immune system is specfic
to the given organism
why is the adaptive immune system useful
it is rapidly protective on re-exposure from the same infectious agent
property of the adaptive immune system
forms basis for the protective effects of vaccination
antigen
any molecules or part of a molecule recognised by the variable antigen receptors of lymphocytes are known as antigens
what does a vaccine do
- Priming the body for a pathogen
- Ability of body to remember an infectious agent to which it has been exposed – basis for natural and artificial immunity
- initiates production of memory cells
- they will recognise agent an produce massive number of lymphocytes and immunoglobulins that overwhelm invaders
founding father of immunology
Edward Jenner
E Jenner
- Observed that naturally occurring pustualar eruptions on the teats of cows could be transferred to the hands or arms of milkers but they had natural immunity against smallpox
o Demonstrated that injecting fluid from cowpox pustules into skin of children led to acquisition of a high degree of immunity to smallpox
the lymphatic system provides
a critical interact bw activated dendritic cells and lymphocytes
Lymphocytes enter the…
lymphoid tissue to be activated by dendritic cells
-return to the bloodstream though the lymph if not activated
what controls migrations through lymphoid tissue and cellular interactions
guided and controlled by adhesive cell surface molecules whose expression is regulated by cytokines and chemokine
name 4 innate granulocytes
neutrophils eosinophil basophil monocyte dendritic cell
name 2 cells of the adaptive immune system
B lymphocyte (matures in bone marrow)
T lymphocyte (matures in thymus)
name some lymph tissue
- adenoid
- tonsil
- lymph node
- thymus
- heart
- thoracic duct
- spleen
- Peyers patch in small intestine
- appendix
- large intestine
- bone marrow
- lymphatics- e,g. in legs
how do T lymphocytes recognise antigens?
via T cell receptors generated during their differentiation- they interacts wit AMPCs via complementary ligand
each T lymphocyte expresses an antigen receptor of only
one specificity- whole population of lymphocytes is collectively capable of recognising any antigen
describe the structure of the T cell receptor
- transmembrane
- invariant constant (c) region- closest to the membrane and the same in all T cells
- V variable regions made up of an alpha and beta chain and different in all T cells
what are Clusters of Differentiation
- major classes of T cells often referred to as CD4 and CD7