Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 4 Found Sci > VIII- SSTI Bacterial > Flashcards

VIII- SSTI Bacterial Flashcards

1
Q

diabetes mellitus associated pathogens

A
  1. Staph. aureus
  2. group B strep
  3. anaerobes
  4. gram neg bacilli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neutropenia associated pathogens

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hot tub exposure pathogens

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

IV drug abuse

A

MRSA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

non bulous impetigo pathogens

A
  1. S. pyogenes (GAS)
  2. S. aureus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ecthyma agent

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

folliculitis pathogens

A
  1. S. aureus
  2. P. aeruginosa (hot tubs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

furuncles/carbuncles pathogen

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

paronychia pathogens

A
  1. S. aureus
  2. S. pyogenes (GAS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

erysipelas pathogen

A

S. pyogenes (GAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cellulitis pathogens

A
  1. S. pyogenes
  2. S. aureus
    3.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

necrotizing cellulitis/fascitis, myositis

A
  1. S pyogenes GAS
  2. C perfringens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

osteomyelitis pathogens

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

septic arthritis pathogens

A
  1. S aureus for kids and adults with intraarticular injections in abnormal joints
  2. N gonorrhoeae in sexually active people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

staphylococci general features

A

gram pos forms grape clusters
facultative anaerobe
catalase pos
-found on skin and mucus membranes of humans
-transmitted via direct contact or fomite exposure like nasal shedding, environmental surfaces, bed linens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Staph aureus culture

A

white or golden colonies
beta hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

S. aureus virulence factors

A
  1. protein A (escape phago, binds IgG Fc domain)
  2. alpha cytotoxin (pore forming)
  3. exfoliative toxin (ETA, ETB) split intercellular bridges in epidermis
  4. coagulase (convert fibrinogen to fibrin to promote abscess form and escape phago)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

scaled skin syndrome pathogen

A

S aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MSSA features

A

methicillin sensitive S aureus
so resistant to some beta lactams not all

via efflux pumps, beta lactamases, altered porins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MSSA treatment

A

1st penicillin
add beta lactamase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MRSA features

A

methicillin resistant S aureus
so resistant to all known beta lactamases
-via mecA gene that encodes transpeptidase/PBP with low affintiy for beta lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

S, pyogenes virulence factors

A
  1. hyaluronic acid capsule
  2. LTA for adhering to epi surface
  3. M protein to facilitate invasion
  4. pyrogenic exotoxins SpeA - superantigen to inc cytokine production esp in scarlet fever, strep toxic shock, necrotizing fasciitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis def

A

immunologic mediated + nonsuppurative + delayed sequela post pharyngeal or cutaneous GAS infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

acute poststrep glomerulonephritis

prez

A
  1. acute nephritic syndrome so hematuria, edema, hypertension, oliguria
  2. edema @ facial and orbit
  3. NO systemic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

diagnosing acute poststrep glomerulonephritis

A

test for anti-DNase antibodies in sera
-pos = previous exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

strep toxic shock syndrome prez

A

pain + nonspecific symptoms + shock + multiorgan failure + bacteremic + necrotizing fasciitis

bc exotoxins SpeA and C!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

non bullous impetigo prez

A

small pustules crust over ‘honey crust’ around mouth and nose of kids 2-5

can be confused with HSV or chickenpox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

bullous impetigo prez

A

blisters with cloud fluid full of S. aureus rupture = erosions and brown crusting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ecthyma prez

A

non bullous impetigo extends into dermis deeper
-pustules enlarge > ulcerate > crust over and scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

treating impetigo and ecthyma

A

can initiate before ID
-if uncomplicated then soak lesions to get rid of crust, topical antibiotic ointment
-if complicated then use oral antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

folliculitis prez

A

papules/pustules form in hair follicles as crops so apparent erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

furnucle/boil prez

A

erythematous, tender pustule bc deep hair follicle infection spreads to adjacent tissues

33
Q

carbuncle prez

A

2+ furuncles that coalesce deeper into subcutaneous tissue
-fever/malaise often present
-systemic spread possible

34
Q

cellulitis prez

A
  1. systemic presentation of fever, chills, malaise
  2. local prez of mild erythema > quickly to edema, pain/tender with poorly defined borders + vesicles/bullae/bruising
35
Q

erysipelas prez

A

abrupt onset of intense pain, erythema, edema so fiery red appearance with sharp demarcation
-subset of cellulitis

36
Q

acute paronychia prez

A

pain, erythema, edema in nail folds sometimes with abscess esp if chew nails

37
Q

chronic paronychia prez

A

nail fold infection of 6+ weeks from C. albicans

38
Q

treating furuncle, carbuncle, cellulitis, erysipelas, paronychia

A

drain abscess if present
-wound care, topical antibiotic oitment
-oral antibiotics in some cases
-severe cases need systemic antibiotics

39
Q

staph scalded skin syndrome prez

A
  1. starts as infection of conjunctiva, nasopharynx, or umbillicus by S. aureus in 0-6 year olds
  2. erythema and pain mimick bad sunburn that rapid spreads
  3. flaccid bullae appear
  4. skin peels off with minimal pressure (nikolsky sign)
  5. blisters rupture and superficial skin laters shed in large sheets
  6. underlying skin looks scalded
  7. after 7-10 days skin returns to normal
40
Q

staph scalded skin syndrome pathogenesis

A

hematogenous spread of ETA and ETB from infection site so stratum corneum and stratum granulosum of epidermis is shed from cleavage of desmoglein 1 bridge protein

41
Q

why staph scalded skin culture is neg

A

bullae fluid almost always neg with no evidence of leukocytes bc the production of ETA/ETB is local/elsewhere to the bullae
-systemic spread/manifestation of local disease

42
Q

treating staph scalded skin

A
  1. hospitalization
  2. antibiotics
  3. supportive care
43
Q

osteomyelitis prez

A

bone pain + fever + swelling + malaise + erythema

44
Q

risk factors of osteomyelitis

A

sickle cell anemia, diabetes
injury, foreign bodies, surgery esp bone involvement
IV drug use

45
Q

septic arthritis prez

A

single painful erythematous joint with limited range of motion and purulent material + fever
-in large joints usually

treat with drainage and antibiotics

46
Q

necrotizing fasciitis prez

A

rapid necrotizing infection that destroys the muscle fascia and subcut fat
-erythema without distinct margins, edema extends beyond erythema, exquisite pain (more severe than what prez seems), gangrene
-easily progress to multi organ failure

47
Q

necrotizing fasciitis treatment

A

immediate hospitalization
surgical debridement or amputatin, skin grafting
antibiotics (multiple broad spectrum)

48
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa features

A

gram neg aerobic motile rod, oxidase pos
-blue green agar colonies
-soil, vegetation, water
-exotoxin A (EF-2 thru ADP ribosylation blocks protein syn so cell death)
-antibiotic resistance is problematic

49
Q

pseudomonas bacteremia

A

patients with neutropenia
and extensive burns (bc surface moist and PMNs cant penetrate the wound)

50
Q

ecthyma gangrenosum

A

fever + systemic illness > erythematous or purpuric macule that rapidly evolves to pustules or bullae > gangrenous ulcer

51
Q

green nail syndrome

A

pseudomonas growing as a biofilm under nail
-xs hand washing, trauma, hairstylists, dishwashers, healthcare

treat with antibiotic finger soak and treat underlying problem

52
Q

webspace intertrigo

A

macerated and eroded skin on interdigital toes in xs moisture settings

53
Q

clostridium perfringens

A

large gram pos non motile, anaerobic, beta hemolytic, spore forming
-in soil, contaminated water, normal GI
-alpha toxin!! disrupts cell membrnes by degrading phospholipids = massive hemolysis and tissue destruction

54
Q

gas gangrene

A

aka clostridial myonecrosis
-sudden onset of fever and excruciating pain, foul smelling wound with thin serosanguineous discharge
-blue or red bullae form
-crepitus
-delays in traumatic injury and surgery = inc risk

55
Q

gas gangrene treatment

A

immediate treatment
radical amputation or numerous surgeries,
high dose antibiotics

56
Q

tetanus toxin

tetanospasmin

A

inactivates proteins that control release of inhibitory neurotransmitters so unregulated excitation = spastic paralysis

57
Q

tetanus prez

A

unexplained sweating, tachycardia > masseter m contraction = trismus/lock jaw
-severe intermittent pain triggered by external stim
-opisthotonos, risus sardonicus

can also present as cephalic if affect cranial nerve (rare) or neonatal if umbilical stump infected

58
Q

tetanus treatment

A

immediate hospitalization
stop toxin production by wound debridement and antibiotics
-neutralize free toxin by human tetanus immunoglobulin
-vaccinate bc immunity not conferred upon recovery

59
Q

mycobacteria features

A

in cell wall:
-arabinogalactan
-lipoarabinomannin
-mycolic acids
-mycolic acid associated glycolipids

60
Q

skeletal TB

A

TB of bones and joints
-Pott’s Dz specific to vertebral osteomyelitis
-gibbus deformity

granulomas in biopsy

61
Q

prevention of skeletal TB

A

-vaccination
-prophylaxis with isoniazid

62
Q

mycobacterium leprae features

A

-acid fast bacilli but culture not possible
-obligate intracellular pathogens
-reservoirs: human and armadillo

leprosy/hansen’s disease

63
Q

M. leprae pathogenesis

A
  1. targets macrophages and Schwann cells
  2. proinflammatory cell wall components
  3. no classic endo or exotoxins
64
Q

leprosy manifestations

A
  1. tuberculoid: TH1 response and very few bacilli in biopsy. few raised plaques, low infectious
  2. borderline tuberculoid
  3. midborderline leprosy
  4. lepromatous leprosy: TH2 response so hypergammaglobulinemia, multibacillary, chronic dz of dermal macrophages and schwann cells, many lesions and extensive tissue damage, high infectious
65
Q

diagnosing/treat leprosy

A

NOT culture do full thickness skin biopsy instead of edge of active plaques

treat with antibiotics based on tuberculoid (6 mo) or lepromatous (12 mo)

66
Q

nocardia and actinomyces features

A

gram pos filamentous bacteria in branches
-resemble hyphae

67
Q

nocardia spp features

A

aerobic gram pos rod BUT can appear gram neg with internal gram pos beads + catalase and urease pos
-weakly acid fast with mycolic acid in cell wall + branched filaments
-slow growing and fuzzy colonies

N. brasiliensis only relevant species

68
Q

primary cutaneous nocardiosis

PCN

A

in immunocompetent hosts
-superficial cellulitis > subcut abscesses > lymphocutaneous infections > mycetoma
-can involve brain and CNS (meningitis)

69
Q

mycetoma

A

chronic/slowly progress skin and subcut tissue infection after cut/contam with soil or vegetation of Nocardia, actinomyces
-discharging sinuses filled with organism, painless

70
Q

diagnosing nocardia

A

history of direct exposure thru gardening or farming
-direct exam of specimen thru biopsy

71
Q

actinomyces israelii features

A

gram pos filamentous bacteria strict anaerobe + catalase and urease neg, not acid fast
-opportunistic so breach in barrier like dental work

acid fast diffs from nocardia

72
Q

actinomyces israelii infection

A

pyogenic abscesses connected by sinus tracts
-contain sulfur granules that look like yellow/orange grains of sand
-can progress out as cervicofacial esp if poor dental hygiene, also abdom, pelvic, chest wall

73
Q

acne vulgaris

A

hair follicle changes = pimples
-follicular epidermal hyperproliferation
-xs sebum production
-inflamm from cutibacterium acnes presence

not necessarily an infection

74
Q

cutibacterium acnes features

A

small microaerophillic/anaerobic gram pos rods
-normal microbiota of sebaceous glands, conjuctiva, ear, oropharynx, female genital tract

75
Q

strep mutans

A

dominant org for dental caries by acid products from biofilm interaction
-acid induced demineralization

76
Q

gingivitis

A

reversible inflamm of gingiva/gums

77
Q

periodontitis

A

chronic inflamm dz including gingivitis, irreversible loss of CT and bone support
-more severe

78
Q

periodontal diseases

aka gingivitis and periodontitis

A

caused by bacteria in dental plaque that create an inflamm response in gingival tissues and bone

Block 4 Found Sci (67 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions