V- Bacterial Infections Flashcards
sources of bacteremia
UTIs, respiratory tract infections, skin or soft tissue infections
signs of sepsis
- infection symptoms
- altered mentation
- tachypnea
- hypotension
- hepatic/renal/or hematologic dysfxn aka blood coagulation
signs of septic shock
- infection symptoms
- altered mentation
- oliguria
- cold extremities
- hyperlactemia
gram negative bacterias of sepsis
- E coli
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- klebsiella
all use lipid A of LPS to bind TLR4
gram positive bacteria of sepsis
- S. aureus
- strep pneumoniae
- strep pyogenes > toxic shock
all via peptidoglycan or exotoxins
aureus is not bacteremic, pyogenes is
how to treat sepsis
- IV fluids for hypotension
- ventilator therapy for hypoxia
- plasma and platelet transfusions OR heparin for DIC
- antibiotics for bacteria
what causes acute bacterial endocarditis
S. aureus
-is coagulase pos
what causes subacute endocarditis
viridans aka strep mitis and mutans
-alpha hemolytic and optochin resistant
signs of acute endocarditis
high fever + rapid damage to cardiac
severe
signs of subacute endocarditis
low grade fever + night sweats + weight loss + vague complaints + slower damage to the heart
risk factors for endocarditis
prosthetic valves, IV drug users, HIV, immunocomp
-anything with susceptible cardiovascular substrate and source of bacteria
mechanism of damage in endocarditis
activation of monocytes + cytokines + tissue factor production = vegetations on heart valves that damage
major criteria of endocarditis
- pos blood culture
- evidence of endocardial involvement aka heart murmur or ECG
minor criteria of endocarditis
- predisposition
- fever
- vascular phenomena aka janeway lesions
- immunologic phenomena aka osler nodes
- microbiologic evidence of atypical microbe
