VI-Diabetes

Question 1

type 1 diabetes general features

Answer 1

1. autoimmune destruction of beta cells
2. no insulin production
3. high glucose levels in blood

Question 2

type 2 diabetes general features

Answer 2

1. beta cells present but resistant to insulin
2. impaired glucose tolerance
3. amyloid plaques form

Question 3

normal glucose levels

Answer 3

1. fasting = 100 mg/dL
2. HbA1C = under 5.6%
3. 2hPG = under 140 mg/dL

Question 4

prediabetes glucose levels

Answer 4

1. fasting = 100-125 mg/dL
2. HbA1C = 5.7-6.4%
3. 2hPG = 140-199 mg/dL

Question 5

diabetes glucose levels

Answer 5

1. fasting = 126+ mg/dL
2. HbA1C = 6.5% +
3. 2hPh = 200 + mg/dL
4. random glucose = 200+ mg/dL

Question 6

mutations in T1D

Answer 6

HLA class II molecules DQ and DR

Question 7

signs of T1D

Answer 7

1. Three P’s - polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
2. weight loss
3. weakness
4. blurred vision
5. ketoacidosis

Question 8

metabolic changes in T1D

Answer 8

1. asymptomatic stage. B cell autoantibodies present
2. years of abnormal glucose tolerance from T cell mediated islet destruction
3. overt diabetes

Question 9

treating T1D

Answer 9

1. insulin- rapid, short, intermed, long
2. diet
3. patient edu

Question 10

treating T2D

Answer 10

1. drugs to inc insulin secretion like GLP1 agonist, DPP4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas
2. drugs to inc insulin action in uscle and liver like metformin

Question 11

HbA1C measures

Answer 11

nonenzymatic linkage of glucose to Hg
-shows avg glucose levels for past 2-3 mo

Question 12

oral glucose tolerance test measures

Answer 12

fasted persons glucose after given 1g/kg glucose in water
-measured every 30 min

Question 13

chronic complications of uncontrolled diabetes

Answer 13

1. microvascular complications - retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, foot ulcers
2. cerebrovascular dz
3. peripheral vascular dz
4. coronary heart dz