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Block 4 Found Sci > VI- Viral GI > Flashcards

VI- Viral GI Flashcards

1
Q

poliovirus transmission

A

fecal-oral route
-incubates 6-20 days
-will shed in stool for weeks after infection

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2
Q

serotypes of poliovirus

A

P1, P2, P3
-only wild type (P1) not eradicated

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3
Q

poliovirus infection route

A
  1. oral pharynx and GI tract
  2. hematologic spread to lymphatic and CNS
  3. viral spread along nerve fibers
  4. destruction of motor neruons = paralysis
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4
Q

poliovirus presentation

A
  1. usually symptomatic
  2. minor non-CNS illness/abortive poliomyelitis - sore throat, fever, vomit, abdom pain, constipation
  3. nonparalytic aseptic meningitis- nonspecific prodromal symps, stiff back/neck/legs, duration 2-10 days
  4. flaccid paralysis
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5
Q

diagnosing polio

A
  1. virus isolated from stool
  2. isolates sequenced to determine if wild type or vaccine strain
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6
Q

sabin vaccine

A

live attenuated, trivalent, oral
-reps in GI tract then sheds in stool for 5 weeks
-can revert back to neurotropic strain for CNS symps = vaccine assocaited paralytic poliomyelitis VAPP or cVDPV

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7
Q

inactivated polio vaccine

A

-antigens to all 3 serotypes
-IM injection
-no risk for VAPP
-4 dose schedule

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8
Q

viral gastroenteritis presentation

A
  1. nausea
  2. diarrhea
  3. vomitng
    4.
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9
Q

viruses that cause gastroenteritis

A
  1. rotavirus
  2. norovirus
  3. adenovirus 40 and 41
  4. astrovirus
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10
Q

key viral vs bacterial GE

A
  1. days long incubation since virus needs to enter cell and replicate, bacteria only need few hours
  2. nonbloody/watery diarrhea, bacteria freq bloody
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11
Q

signs of severe dehydration

A

-rapid weak pulse
-sunken eyes without tears
-skin tenting
-lack of urination

treat with IV rehydration (instead of oral for mild)

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12
Q

rotavirus presentation

A
  1. watery, nonbloody diarrhea
  2. vomiting
  3. cough and coryza
  4. some high fever

last 4-7 days after 1-3 day incubation
esp if immunodeficient but not HIV

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13
Q

rotavirus pathology

A

-villi blunting of small intestine = malabsorption
-toxin NSP4 for Ca release

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14
Q

rotavirus treatment

A
  1. diagnose with stool sample
  2. rehydration therapy
  3. prevent fecal oral transmission by sanitizing, IgA in colostrum, vaccine
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15
Q

rotavirus vaccine

A
  1. RV1 = rotatrix, live attenuated strain of human rotavirus
  2. RV5 = rotateq, protective GI -G4, G9, reassortment between human/bovine
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16
Q

vaccine doses
rotavirus

A

RV1 = 2 doses, 2 mo and 4 mo
RV5 = 3 doses, 2/4/6 mo

17
Q

norovirus presentation

A
  1. nausea
  2. vomit
  3. watery nonbloody diarrhea for 24-60 hours
  4. low grade fever in half
  5. all age groups

after 24-48 hr incubation

18
Q

norovirus pathology

A
  1. non enveloped +ssRNA
  2. preference for specific blood antigens/types
  3. fecal oral transmission aka close contact, fomites, waterborne, contaminate food
19
Q

norovirus prevention

A
  1. no vaccine or antivirals
  2. surface disinfection
  3. stringent personal hygiene practices
20
Q

adenovirus pathology

A
  1. dsDNA with naked capsule and fiber protein at vertices
  2. serotypes 40 and 41 cause GE
21
Q

adenovirus presentation

A
  1. in kids
  2. watery non bloody diarrhea for 7-8 days
  3. maybe vomiting and fever

after incubation 8-10 days

22
Q

adenovirus treatment

A
  1. diagnose with antibody test
  2. prevent with environment disinfection and personal hygiene
23
Q

astrovirus

A

+ssRNA
-all age groups susceptible exposed to contaminated food and drink

24
Q

mumps symptoms

A
  1. swollen tender parotid glands or submandibular
  2. prodrome of malaise and anorexia
25
Q

mumps complications

A
  1. meningitis
  2. orchitis (testicular inflamm) in postpubertal males but not affect fertility
  3. deafness
  4. myocarditis rare but fatal
26
Q

mumps spread

A
  1. entry into respir tract
  2. spread to local lymph nodes
  3. primary viremia
  4. spread to salivary glands, testes, ovaries, pancreas, CNS
  5. viremia
  6. generalized spread around body
  7. viremia

aka cycles in/out of blood stream

27
Q

mumps diagnosis

A
  1. acute onset of uni/bilateral tender, self limiting swelling of parotid or other salivary gland 2+ days without other apparent cause

usually resolve in 10 days

28
Q

mumps transmission

A

direct contact with respir droplets, saliva, contaminated fomites

29
Q

mumps vaccine

A

part of MMR and MMRV subcutaneous injection
-mumps, measles, rubella, varicella
-1st dose at 12-15 mo, 2nd at 4-6 yrs OR if adult then 1 dose for all or 2 doses high risk

only 88% effective with 2 doses

Block 4 Found Sci (67 decks)

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