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Block 4 Found Sci > VII- Bacterial Infections CNS > Flashcards

VII- Bacterial Infections CNS Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy/tissues of meningitis

A

meninges duh and CSF

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2
Q

anatomy/tissues of encephalitis

A

brain parenchyma

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3
Q

aseptic meningitis def

A

viral meningitis
-less severe and fatal than bacterial

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4
Q

morphology of strep pneumo

A

gram: pos, catalase neg
shape: oval/lancet
lab: alpha hemolytic (green) + susceptible to optochin and bile

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5
Q

morphology of N. meningitis

A

gram: neg,
shape: coffee/kidney bean
lab: oxidase, catalase, glucose, maltose pos - need CO2 for growth

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6
Q

strep pneumo virulence factors

A
  1. polysac capsule for dissemination
  2. pneumolysin for interfere macrophages
  3. IgA protease to prevent clearance
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7
Q

N. meningitis virulence factors

A
  1. polysac capsule to resist complement and phago
  2. endotoxin LOS for organ failure and DIC
  3. inflamm resp weakens BBB to cross within neutrophils
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8
Q

host factor risks

A
  1. pneumococcal- pneumonia or chronic otitis media
  2. meningococcal- recent URTI, complement deficiency, living in schools/military barracks
  3. immunocomp always
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9
Q

CSF changes bacterial

A
  1. presence of PNMs aka neutrophils
  2. dec glucose
  3. inc protein
  4. inc pressure
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10
Q

CSF changes viral

A
  1. mono/lymphocytes
  2. rare neutrophils/PNMs
  3. normal glucose
  4. normal/slight inc protein and pressure
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11
Q

pneumo meningitis treatment

A

initiate treatment before confirming bc medical emergency
-use age, underlying conditions, gram stain

VANCOMYCIN + CEPHALOSPORIN

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12
Q

neonates meningitis agents

A
  1. group B strep!!!
  2. E. Coli
  3. other gram neg enterics
  4. listeria monocytogenes

under 1 mo

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13
Q

infants meningitis agents

A
  1. Strep pneumo
  2. N. meningitides

under 2 years

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14
Q

children meningitis agents

A
  1. N. meningitides
  2. Strep pneumo

2-18 years

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15
Q

adults meningitis agents

A
  1. Strep pneumo
  2. N. meningitis
  3. Listeria monocytogenes
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16
Q

acute bacterial meningitis symptoms

A
  1. fever
  2. neck stiffness
  3. headache
  4. altered mental status

pneumococcal will have acute onset, high mortality, neurologic sequela

17
Q

meningococcal disease

N. meningitis

A

abrupt onset fever
-normal meningeal symps
-hypotension from bacteremia
-rash

18
Q

meningococcemia

A

bloodstream infection with or without meningitis
-fever + purpuric rash + hypotension + multiorgan failure

19
Q

meningococcal meningitis treatment

A

initiate treatment before confirm with age, underlying condition, gram stain

PENICILLIN, prophylactic treat for close ppl

20
Q

Strep agalactiae features

A
  1. gram pos cocci
  2. catalase neg
  3. beta hemolytic
  4. bacitracin resistant
21
Q

risk factors GBS

A
  1. maternal intrapartum GBS for early onset dz in infants
  2. lack of maternal antibodies
  3. african american
  4. mo had previous kid with GBS
  5. obstetric problems
22
Q

early onset GBS symptoms

A
  1. bacteremia
  2. pneumonia
  3. meningitis (fever, lethargy, irritability)
  4. permanent neurologic sequela (blind, deaf, mental retardation)

late onset has more meningitis and neuro complications

23
Q

GBS treatment

A

PENICILLIN
-esp effective before delivery to prevent esarly onset

24
Q

haemophilus influenzae type B

Hib

A
  1. gram neg coccobacilli
  2. requires hemin (X) and NAD (V) for growth of chocolate agar
  3. PRP capsule
25
Q

Hib meningitis symptoms

A
  1. fever, stiff neck, headache
  2. some permanent neurologic sequelae (hearing loss)
26
Q

Hib vaccine

A

conjugated with anti-PRP antibodies so highly immunogenic
-start at 2 mo old

27
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  1. gram pos rod
  2. anaerobic
  3. spore forming
  4. neurotoxin tetanospasmin (binds motor neurons)
28
Q

tetanus symptoms

A
  1. spastic paralysis bc inhibitory neurotransmitters not released
  2. lock jaw/trismus
  3. diff swallowing
  4. abs rigid
  5. general muscle spasms esp back spasms
29
Q

treating tetanus

A

passive immunization with immunoglobulin + active immunization with tetanus toxoid vaccine

30
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A
  1. gram pos rod
  2. anaerobic
  3. spores (in meat, fish, veggies, canned foods)
  4. botulinum toxin (A-B blocks release of Ach)
31
Q

botulism

A
  1. flaccid paralysis (ocular > laryngeal > respiratory > trunk > extremities)
  2. nausea
  3. dry mouth
  4. blurred vision, involuntary eye movement
32
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  1. gram pos rod
  2. motile
  3. consumption of milk, soft cheese, poultry
33
Q

infection with Listeria monocytogenes

A

if in utero can result in stillbirth or premature delivery

34
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis prez

A

primary @ lungs but spread to CNS (meningitis, brain abscess, chronic dz)

35
Q

Staph aureus prez

A

meningitis after bacteremia
brain abscesses

Block 4 Found Sci (67 decks)

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