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Block 4 Found Sci > VI- ANT/POST PITUITARY > Flashcards

VI- ANT/POST PITUITARY Flashcards

1
Q

magnocellular neurons

A

@ supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus for ADH and OT
-large
> hypothalamic hypophysial tract to post pit

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2
Q

parvocellular neurons

A

@numerous nuclei in hypothalamus
-small bodied
-release hypophysiotropic hormones into hypophyseal portal system thru median eminence to ant pit

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3
Q

metabolism hormones

A

TRH (+) somatostatin (-)
on TSH

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4
Q

stress hormones

A

CRH and VP (+)
on ACTH

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5
Q

reproduction hormones

A

GnRH (+)
on LH and FSH

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6
Q

growth hormones

A

GHRH (+) and somatostatin (-)
on GH

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7
Q

lactation hormones

A

TRH (+) and dopamine (-)
on prolactin

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8
Q

oxytocin release

A

stretch receptors in cervix stim production for labor
-receptors are inc as approach full term
-exhibit pos feedback during labor

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9
Q

ADH release

A
  1. osmorecptors in resp to osmolality changes
  2. baroreceptors in resp to drops in blood vol
    -usually more sensitive to osmolality than blood vol except if significant depletion

inc by ang II, pain, stress, nausea, hypoglycemia
dec by alcohol

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10
Q

oxytocin effect

A

contract uterine muscle
myoepithelial cells in mammary tissue
stim formation of prostaglandins

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11
Q

ADH effects

A

reg body fluid osmolality and ECF vol by inc water reabsorption
potent vasoconstrictor
stim release of ATCH

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12
Q

ADH mechanism

A
  1. bind V2 receptors
  2. induce AQP2 luminal insertion
  3. water moves into cell
  4. water moves into interstitial space thru AQP3-4
  5. vasculature
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13
Q

nephrogenic diabetes

A

renal resistance/insensitive to ADH from mutation of V2R or AQP2
-can also get from drugs (lithium) or hypercalcemia

dilute urine and dec renal water reabsorption

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14
Q

central/neurogenic diabetes

A

from ADH deficiency thru trauma, neoplasms, infections, inflamm, vascular

dilute urine and dec renal water reabsorption

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15
Q

response to desmopressin

A

nephrogenic will NOT resp bc resistant
-neurogenic WILL

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16
Q

SIADH etiology

A

from brain tumors that inc ADH, CNS injuries, lung tumors (ectopic)

lead to xs ADH without stimuli so xs water reabsorption and inc total body water vol, ECF expands and triggers pressure naturesis

17
Q

SIADH clinical presentation

A

lethargy, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, coma, convulsion, death

18
Q

SIADH values

A

dec plasma osmolality
inc urine osmolality
hyponatremia (from dilution and pressure natiuresis)

19
Q

diabetes insipidius values

A

low urine osmolality
plasma hyperosmolality
hypernatremia (if water limited)

20
Q

corticotropes release

A

ACTH from CRH stim
to adrenal cortex (MC2R) for glucocorticoids aka cortisol

21
Q

thyrotropes release

A

TSH from TRH stim
to thyroid for T3 and T4

22
Q

gonadotropes releas

A

LH and FSH from GnRH stim
to gonads

23
Q

lactotropes release

A

prolactin PRL from TRH stim
to mammary tissue
inhibited by dopamine, pos feedback from suckling

24
Q

somatotropes release

A

GH from GHRH stim
to liver for protein synthesis with IGF-1 and insulin too if fed state
or inc lipolysis and dec glucose uptake if fasting

25
Q

stimulants of IGF

A

GHRH
stress
exercise
catecholamines (epine, norep)
TSH
hypoglycemia
amino acids (arg)

26
Q

inhibitors of IGF

A

somatostatin
IGF-1
hyperglycemia
FFAs

27
Q

osmolality points

A

set point is 280 , when release ADH
-human blood osmolality 285

28
Q

what happens when osmolality falls under 280

A

need to concentrate plasma bc too dilute
-shut off ADH
-excrete water so urine maximally dilute (50-100)
-high urine production

29
Q

what happens in osmolality above 295

A

need to dilute bc too concentrated
-ADH production inc
-less water excreted so urine max concentrated (1200) but production minimal

30
Q

hyperprolactinemia

A

in women: prolactin neg feedbacks GnRH so hypogonadism, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility

in men: diminished libido, infertility, osteopenia red muscle mass, dec beard grow

31
Q

acromegaly features

A

somatotrope adenoma so inc growth hormone
-goiter, facies, barrel chest, abnormal glucose tolderance secondary to insulin resist
-inc size of hands, feet
-thickened skin

Block 4 Found Sci (67 decks)

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