V-Renal Acid Base

Question 1

buffer systems of body

Answer 1

1. chemical- immediate via bicarb, phosphate, proteins
2. respiratory via PCO2
3. renal via urine excretion

Question 2

function of carbonic anhydrase

Answer 2

catalyst for buffering bicarb
-if inhibited then acid is conserved in tubule lumen and indirectly inhibits sodium reabsorption

CA inhibitor is a diuretic

Question 3

where bicarb reabsorbed

Answer 3

majority proximal tubule, some loop of henle and distal tubule, little collecting duct
-99.9% of filtered bicarb gets reabsorbed, 0.1% excreted

Question 4

where new bicarb comes from

Answer 4

bicarb ions are titrated against H+ in tubule and buffered by phosphate and amonium systems

Question 5

1 phosphate + H =

Answer 5

1 new bicarb to blood

Question 6

each glutamine yields

Answer 6

2 ammonium > 2 bicarb to blood

Question 7

ammonium reabsorbed by

Answer 7

loop of henle
-secreted by proximal tubule first

Question 8

metabolic acidosis

Answer 8

dec bicarb and pH from
-add of acid, loss of alkali, or kidney failture to excrete

respiration inc to excrete PCO2 (dec) and raise pH back up

Question 9

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 9

inc bicarb and pH
-from add of alkali, loss of acid

respiration dec to raise PCO2 and make more acidic

Question 10

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 10

dec PCO2 and inc pH from inc gas exchange in lungs (hypervent)

kidneys reduce proton secretioni and bicarb production so pH falls

Question 11

respiratory acidosis

Answer 11

inc PCO2 and dec pH from dec gas exchange

kidneys excrete acid and gen new bicarb to neutralize