Parasitic Infections

Question 1

african trypanosomiasis pathology

Answer 1

parasite: T. brucei
transmission: tsete flies

Question 2

chagas disease pathology

Answer 2

parasite: T. cruzi
transmission: reduvid bugs
intracellular stage: skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

Question 3

leishmaniasis pathology

Answer 3

parasite: leishmania sp
transmission: sandflies
intracell stage: macrophages

Question 4

malaria pathology

Answer 4

parasite: plasmodium sp (falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale)
transmission: mosquitoes
intracell stage: RBCS and hepatocytes

Question 5

babesiosis pathology

Answer 5

parasite: babesia sp
transmission: ticks
reservoir: rodents and cattle
intracell stage; RBCs

Question 6

schistosomiasis pathology

Answer 6

parasite: schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. hematobium
transmission: snails, no insect vector

Question 7

lymphatic filariasis pathology

Answer 7

parasite: Wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi
transmission: mosquitoe, no host

Question 8

first sign of chagas

Answer 8

development of chagoma - swollen nodule under skin
-if in ocular region then called romana’s sign

Question 9

acute chagas disease

Answer 9

fever + malaise + myalgia + h/smegaly
pos blood smear

Question 10

intermediate chagas disease

Answer 10

aka asymptomatic
seropositive bc high levels of Ab but few parasites in blood

Question 11

chronic chagas disease

Answer 11

congestive heart fail + megacolon + megaesophagus + cardiomyopathy

infection of cardiac muscle and myenteric plexus

Question 12

P. falciparum malaria

Answer 12

symps every 48 hours
-infects mature and immature erythrocytes
-severe anemia + hypoglycemia/lactic acidosis + microvascular sequestration

purple banana histology

Question 13

P. vivax malaria

Answer 13

symps every 48 hours
-infects reticulocytes with Duffy pos blood group
-enters hypnozoite phase so can be dormant in liver

Question 14

P. malariae malaria

Answer 14

symps every 72 hours
-infects older erythrocytes

Question 15

P. ovale malaria

Answer 15

symps every 48 hours
-infect reticulocytes Duffy pos or neg
-enters hypnozoite phase so dormant in liver

Question 16

histological feature of babesiosis

Answer 16

maltese cross
-otherwise very similar presentation as malaria

Question 17

chronic schistosome outcomes

Answer 17

1. intestinal and hepatic dysfunction > portal hypertension and portal fibrosis if eggs lodge in large intestine (mansoni) or small intestine (japonicum)
2. bladder problems > hematuria, dysuria, urinary freq, loss of function, squamous cell carcinoma (haematobium)