V-Bacterial Infections (more zoonoses)

Question 1

key presentation cutaneous anthrax

Answer 1

1. painless necrotic ulcer with black center aka eschar
2. lymphadenopathy proximal to incubation site

Question 2

key presentation inhalation anthrax

Answer 2

-stage 1: myalgia + fever + malaise + nausea + chest pain
-stage 2: drenching sweats + extreme dyspnea + cyanosis

Question 3

Bacillus anthracis virulence

Answer 3

1. poly-D flutamic acid capsule for anti-phagocytic
2. lethal toxin = protective antigen + lethal factor for inflammatin
3. edema toxin = protective antigen + edema factor, acts on adenylate cyclase

Question 4

key presentation brucellosis

Answer 4

12 hour cycle of on/off fever + moldy night sweats + anthralgia + malaise

can progress to visceral and joint infections

Question 5

pasteurellosis incubation

Answer 5

12-24 hours

Question 6

pasteurellosis presentation

Answer 6

painful red swelling around wound + cellulitis + lymphadenopathy

Question 7

leptospirosis presentation

Answer 7

2 phases
1. febrile, flu like
2. disseminated phase, lasts weeks, meningitis + eye inflamm + jaundice + renal failure + petechiae

Question 8

ulceroglandular tularemia presentation

Answer 8

red painful swollen papules > necrotic ulcer, bacteremia, lymph node swelling

Question 9

oculoglandular tularemia

Answer 9

painful conjunctivitis + swollen cervical lymph nodes

Question 10

pneumonic tularemia

Answer 10

pneumonitis and sepsis, high morbidity

Question 11

bubonic plague presentation

Answer 11

fever + chills + headache + weak + buboes aka swollen painful lymph nodes

Question 12

pneumonic plague presentation

Answer 12

fever + headache + weak + respiratory signs (sputum) > respir distress + cyanosis + circulatory collapse

Question 13

septicemic plague presentation

Answer 13

multiorgan fail + DIC + hypotension + extremely ill
-with or without signs of bubonic or pneumonic

Question 14

lyme disease presentation

Answer 14

1. early localized: last 3 days-1 month, show bullseye rash + fever + fatigue + muscle pain + headache
2. early disseminated: last days to weeks, stage 1 + carditis + meningitis + neuropathy + liver and kidney dz, rash may/not be present
3. late persistent: last months to years, neuro involvement aka bells palsy, short term mem probs, arthritis in knees

Question 15

relapsing fever presentation

Answer 15

fever + chills + nausea + myalgia + h/smegaly for 3-7 days then come back a week later

episodes may end in crisis so initial inc temp, BP, HR then dec temp, hypotension, profuse perspiration

Question 16

rocky mountain spotted fever presentation

Answer 16

fever + nausea + vomit + headache > rash 2-5 days later with flat pink nonitchy spots on extremities
-rash spreads centripetal so becomes raised and at torso

can disseminate into DIC, thrombocytopenia, pulmonary edema, renal failure, shock

Question 17

ehrlich/anaplasmosis presentation

Answer 17

fever + weak > cough + respir distress + CNS dysfxn + hemorrhages + petechiae + pneumonia

Question 18

Q fever presentation

Answer 18

flu like for 1-3 weeks + severe headache + photophobia
also penumonia + hepatitis + acute endocarditis

Question 19

trench fever presentation

Answer 19

headache + dizzy + fever for days then recurs every 4-6 days

not fatal

Question 20

cat scractch presentation

Answer 20

fever + lymphadenopathy near incubation site, papule

will resolve without complications

Question 21

pasteurella virulence

Answer 21

hyaluronic acid capsule

Question 22

francisella tularensis virulence

Answer 22

polysaccharide capsule

Question 23

yersinia pestis virulence

Answer 23

temp regulated so inactive outside the body (below 30 deg) and high expression inside body (above 30)
-F1 antigen capsule for antiphagocytic
-PIa protease for degrade complement and fibrin to inc spread

Question 24

animal furs

Answer 24

anthrax

Question 25

unpasteurized milk

Answer 25

Brucellosis

Question 26

Hawaii, swimming

Answer 26

Leptospirosis

Question 27

prairie dogs

Answer 27

Plague

Question 28

spirochetes

Answer 28

Borrelia burgdoferi aka Lyme Dz