VI-Female Reproduction

Question 1

theca cell function

Answer 1

syn androstenedione

Question 2

granulosa cell function

Answer 2

convert androstenedione to estrogen + syn progesterone

Question 3

ovarian peptides

Answer 3

inhibin A and B

Question 4

ovarian steroids

Answer 4

1. estradiol
2. progesterone
3. androstenedione
4. testosterone

Question 5

effects of estrogen- sexual

Answer 5

1. uterus- inc size, prolif endometrial stroma, dev endo gland
2. ovaries- inc size
3. fallopian tubes - dev glandular tissue, inc # ciliated epi cells
4. breasts - dev stromal tissue, initate growth of ducts, deposit fat
5. cervical mucus- make thin and stringy for sperm

Question 6

effects of estrogen-everywhere else

Answer 6

1. skeleton - inhibit osteoclast activity, inc osteoblasts, close epiphyseal plates
2. protein - inc total body protein
3. fat- inc deposition in subcutaneous tissue
4. electrolytes- inc sodium and water retention by kidneys

Question 7

effects of progesterone - sexual

Answer 7

1. uterus - promote secretory changes of endometrium, dec freq and intensity of contractions, suppress menstruation
2. fallopian tubes- secrete nutrient rich fluid
3. breast- dev alveoli, secretory dev, retention fluid
4. cervical mucus- thick and tacky to dec fertilization

thermogenic

Question 8

LH regulates

Answer 8

androstenedione from theca cells and conversion to estradiol

Question 9

events of menstruation

day 0-4

Answer 9

corpus luteum regresses from dec LH levels and no fert = dec estrogen, prog, and inhibin A
-proteolytic enzymes released
-prostaglandins inc

Question 10

events of early/mid follicular

day 1-8

Answer 10

lack of hormones from menstruation exhibit less feedback on ant pit so inc FSH = estradiol and inhibin B inc
-FSH recruits follicles to rapid growth

Question 11

events of mid/late follicular

day 8-13

Answer 11

secretion of estradiol and inhibin from early phase feedback ant pit so FSH falls = dominant follicle

dominant follicle secretes high amounts of estradiol, will peak before ovulation

Question 12

events of ovulation

day 14

Answer 12

estradiol exhibits pos feedback so LH and FSH surge = follicle ruptures and oocyte released

Question 13

events of early/mid luteal

day 15-21

Answer 13

1. inhibin B peaks to suppress FSH surge from ovulation
2. corpus luteum produces prog, estradiol, inhibin A so feedback dec LH and FSH, highest levels of prog and inhibin A

Question 14

events of mid/late luteal

day 21-28

Answer 14

high levels of prog and inhibin A from early phase dec LH and FSH = dec estrogen and prog

Question 15

temperature changes

Answer 15

1-2 days after ovulation temp rises 0.4 celsius then stays that way for rest of cycle
-from progesterone

Question 16

fetal and neonate hormones

Answer 16

gonadotropes peak in utero then again immediately post natal
-stay low until puberty

Question 17

hormones in puberty

Answer 17

1. early puberty- pulsatile GnRH and gonadotropins during REM sleep
2. late puberty = gradual inc in GnRH and gonadotropins until onset of menses

Question 18

hormones during menopause

Answer 18

loss of follicles so dec estrogen = hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, loss libido, loss bone mass, inc risk ischemic heart dz
-rise in LH and FSH since dec feedback

Question 19

hCG function

Answer 19

rescue corpus luteum and prevent menstruation during pregnancy
-from synciotrophoblast after implantation
-drive estrogren and prog from CL for first 10 weeks

Question 20

hPL function

Answer 20

growth, metabolic effects on mother to ensure needs of fetus met, impair maternal glucose uptake, stim FFA mobilization

Question 21

CRH function

Answer 21

from placenta to maintain blood flow, levels peak during labor