VIII-Cognition, Language

Question 1

features that distinguish association cortices from sensory and motor cortices

Answer 1

1. thalamic input - reflect sensory and motor info already been processed
2. corticocortical connections - projections from other cortical areas and contralateral hemisphere

Question 2

attention cortical location

Answer 2

parietal cortex

Question 3

contralateral neglect syndrome

Answer 3

damage to the parietal cortex = inability to attend objects or own body
-vision, somatic sensation, motor ability intact
-fail to report/respond/orient to stimuli presented to contralateral body of lesion
-difficulty motor on neglected side

Question 4

agnosia

Answer 4

inability to recognize objects by particular sensory modality EVEN THO the modality itself is intact
-temporal association cortex damage

Question 5

prosopagnosia

Answer 5

inability to recognize faces
-damage to right inferior temporal cortex

Question 6

why contralateral neglect from damage to right not left lobe

Answer 6

left lobe only mediates attention to the right
-right is the big daddy of attention, dominates control

Question 7

prefrontal lobe syndrome

Answer 7

1. personality changes
2. planning deficits
3. perseveration
4. release of primitive reflexes
5. lack of ambition
6. dec in will or motivation
7. profound apathy

Question 8

nonfluent aphasia

Answer 8

aka motor aphasia so slow, effortful speech or complete lack
-from front of left cortex
-broca’s aphasia falls under

Question 9

affective components of language

Answer 9

R hemisphere (communicative and emotional prosody aka intonation, stress)

Question 10

recognition cortical location

Answer 10

temporal cortex

Question 11

planning/decision cortex location

Answer 11

frontal cortex

Question 12

left hemisphere specializes

Answer 12

language!!

Question 13

right hemisphere specializes

Answer 13

attention, recognition

Question 14

frontal association cortex specializes

Answer 14

1. restraint- judgment, perserverance, delayed gratification, inhibit socially inapprop behavior
2. initiative- curiosity, spontaneity, motivation, personality
3. order- abstract thinking, working mem, perspective, sequencing

Question 15

major brain areas of language

Answer 15

1. wernickes (22)
2. brocas (44)
3. primary somatic sensory, auditory, visual, motor cortices

Question 16

flow of info from hearing to replying

Answer 16

1. primary auditory cortex for discrimination
2. auditory association cortex to classify sounds
3. wernickes for comprehension
4. subcortical connections to link brocas
5. broacs for instructions for output
6. sensorimotor cortex (oral and throat region) to output speech muscles

Question 17

broca’s aphasia

Answer 17

-halted speech
-function words omitted (it, is, to, a)
-pronunciation simplified
-inflectional endings omitted (-ing)

patients are aware of their deficits

Question 18

fluent aphasia

Answer 18

aka sensory aphasia
-no diff producing language but problems selecting/organizing/monitoring language
-wernickes falls under

damage of rear left cortex

Question 19

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 19

-patients are unaware of their deficits
-patients rarely make any sense