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Radiology courses > Urography Test > Flashcards

Urography Test Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the kidney include

A

Removing waste products from the blood

Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

Secreting substances that affect blood pressure

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2
Q

How much urine is excreted by the kidneys each day

A

1 to 2 L

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3
Q

Which kidney is longer and narrower

A

Left

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4
Q

For which body habitus will the kidneys lie at the highest level

A

Hyperstenic

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5
Q

How much will the kidneys drop in the change from supine to the upright position

A

2 Inches

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6
Q

The cluster of blood capillaries contained within the capsule of a nephron is called

A

Glomerules

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7
Q

Which of the following serves as the filter for the blood in the kidney

A

Glomerules

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8
Q

The cup-shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from the collecting ducts are called the

A

Calyces

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9
Q

Where do the ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum

A

Behind the peritoneum

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10
Q

What serves as the reservoir to store urine

A

Urinary bladder

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11
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder

A

Posterior wall

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12
Q

The site where the ureters enter the bladder is termed the ____junction

A

Ureterovesical

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13
Q

How long is the urethra in the female

A

1 1/2 inches

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14
Q

The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographic images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed

A

Intravenous urography

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15
Q

In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed

A

Retrograde

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16
Q

A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed

A

Cystography

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17
Q

For which of the following anatomic areas is the retrograde technique used

A

Bladder

Lower ureters

Urethra

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18
Q

Nonionic contrast agents are preferred because

A

They produce fewer adverse reactions

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19
Q

Significant reactions to contrast media include

A

Nausea

Vomiting

Edema of the respiratory mucous membrane

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20
Q

Nearly all life-threatening reactions to contrast media occur immediately or within _____ minutes of the injection

A

20

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21
Q

Preperation of the patient for an IVU includes all of the following

A

NPO after midnight

A nongas forming laxative

A light evening meal

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22
Q

The technical factors used for an IVU should provide sufficient exposure techniques to clearly demonstrate all of these

A

Borders of the psoas muscles

Lower liver border

Renal shadows

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23
Q

Which of the following must be available during an IVU

A

Radiologist

Emergency Cart

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24
Q

Where is the compression applied during an IVU

A

Distal ends of the ureters

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25
Q

Compression should not be used during an IVU if the patient has a

A

Aneurysm

Colostomy

26
Q

The respiration phase for all exposures made during an IVU is

A

Expiration

27
Q

Contraindications for the intravenous include

A

Anuria

Renal failure

28
Q

Within how many minutes does contrast medium appear in the pelvicalyceal system

A

2 to 8

29
Q

How many minutes after injection does the greatest concentration of contrast medium appear in the kidneys

A

15 to 20

30
Q

The series of radiographic images made during an IVU examination are typically done at time intervals between ____ minutes

A

3 and 20

31
Q

Where is the IR centered for all abdominal images taken during examinations of the urinary system

A

Illiac Crest

32
Q

What is the central ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system

A

0 degrees

33
Q

How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projection of the urinary system

A

30 degrees

34
Q

Which of the following is true regarding positioning of the abdomen for a lateral projection of the urinary system

A

The midcoronal plane is centered to the grid

35
Q

Which decubitus position is commonly used during an IVU examination to demonstrate the ureteropelvic junction

A

Dorsal decubitus

36
Q

Which of the following is true regarding retrograde urography

A

The ureters must be catheterized

The exam provides little physiologic information

Contrast is injected directly into the pelvicalyceal system

37
Q

Which technique is used to get contrast medium into the urinary bladder for a cystogram

A

Retrograde filling technique

38
Q

All of the following projections are used during a cystogram

A

AP

Lateral

AP Oblique

39
Q

What is the recommended size and orientation of the radiation field for examination of the urinary bladder (cystogram)

A

10 x 12 inches lengthwise

40
Q

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)

A

2 inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis

41
Q

How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram

A

40 to 60 degrees

42
Q

Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection during a cystogram

A

The midcoronal plane

43
Q

What is the essential projection used for a cystourethrogram on a male patient

A

AP Oblique

44
Q

Where is the IR centered for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram

A

Superior border of the pubic symphysis

45
Q

How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram

A

35 to 40 degrees

46
Q

How is the central ray positioned to free the bladder neck of superimposition during a female cystourethrogram

A

5 degrees cuadad

47
Q

The Two kidneys lie

A

Behind the peritoneum

48
Q

The concave medial border of the kidney where the blood vessels and ureter exit is called the

A

Hilum

49
Q

The mucosal folds on the inside of the urinary bladder are called

A

Rugae

50
Q

The abbreviation for the excretory technique of urography is

A

IVU

51
Q

The radiographic examination of the urethra is called

A

Cystourethrography

52
Q

The center of the compression device that is placed over the lower ureters during intravenous urography is positioned

A

At the level of the ASIS

53
Q

Which projection will demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys during intravenous urography

A

AP, Upright position

54
Q

Which position may be helpful to demonstrate the lower ureters

A

Trendelenburg 15 to 20 degrees

55
Q

Which projection would place the right kidney perpendicular to the IR

A

AP oblique, RPO

56
Q

The respiration phase for radiographic images made during intravenous urography is

A

Suspended expiration

57
Q

Which of the following is considered an operative examination

A

Retrograde urography

58
Q

What is the central ray angulation for the AP axial urinary bladder

A

10 to 15 degrees cuadad

59
Q

What is the central ray angulation for the PA axial urinary bladder

A

10 to 15 degrees cephalad

60
Q

Two common reactions to contrast media are

A

Flushing

Warmth

61
Q

The urinary system includes which two

A

Kidneys

Urethra

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