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Radiology courses > C and T spine test > Flashcards

C and T spine test Flashcards

1
Q

All are functions of the vertebral column

A

Supports the trunk

Protects the spinal cord

Supports the skull

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2
Q

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the

A

Sacroiliac joint

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3
Q

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column

A

33

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4
Q

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column should present how many curves

A

4

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5
Q

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the thoracic spine is termed

A

Kyphosis

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6
Q

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the_____joints

A

Zygapophyseal

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7
Q

The short, thick processes that project posteriorly on each side of a vertebral body are called the

A

Pedicles

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8
Q

Spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the

A

Intervertebral foramina

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9
Q

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles

A

Spinous process

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10
Q

The first cervical vertebra is called the

A

Atlas

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11
Q

The vertebra prominens is the name given to the____vertebra

A

Seventh cervical

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12
Q

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the

A

Transverse foramen

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13
Q

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open

A

45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly

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14
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection

A

Lateral

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15
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulation with the tubercle of a rib

A

10

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16
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane

A

70 to 75

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17
Q

How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic region

A

15 to 20 degrees

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18
Q

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane

A

90

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19
Q

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the open mouth AP projection of the atlas and axis

A

Second cervical vertebra

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20
Q

Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP open mouth atlas and axis

A

A line is drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process

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21
Q

For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate “ah” during the exposure

A

AP open mouth atlas and axis

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22
Q

Where is the central ray directed for an open mouth AP projection of the atlas and axis

A

Perpendicular through the open mouth

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23
Q

The respiration phase for the open mouth AP projection of the atlas and axis is

A

Softly phonate “ah” during the exposure

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24
Q

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum

A

Fuchs

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25
Q

What describes the anatomy of interest for the Fuchs method

A

AP, dens

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26
Q

Where is the center of the IR positioned for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method

A

Tip of the mastoid process

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27
Q

What is the central ray angulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method

A

0 Degrees

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28
Q

Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the tabletop for the AP axial cervical vertebrae

A

The occlusal plane

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29
Q

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine

A

Fourth cervical vertebra

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30
Q

The central ray angle for the AP axial of the cervical vertebrae is

A

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

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31
Q

How are the small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervical spine (Grandy method)

A

Affixed to the wrist

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32
Q

Where is the IR centered for a lateral spine (Grandy method)

A

Fourth cervical vertebra

33
Q

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral cervical spine

A

Fourth cervical vertebra

34
Q

What is the recommended SID for the lateral cervical spine (Grandy method)

A

60 to 72 inches

35
Q

The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is

A

Full expiration

36
Q

The Grandy method is a

A

Lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae

37
Q

Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine

A

Fourth cervical vertebra

38
Q

The phase of respiration for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine is

A

Suspended respiration

39
Q

Which projections of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine

A

Lateral, lateral hyperflexion, lateral hyperextension

40
Q

Where is the IR centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral projection of the cervical spine

A

Fourth cervical vertebra

41
Q

How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina

A

45 degrees

42
Q

What is the central ray angle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina

A

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

43
Q

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial projection of the cervical spine

A

Those farthest from the IR

44
Q

Where is the central ray directed for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina

A

Fourth cervical vertebra

45
Q

What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine

A

60 to 72 inches

46
Q

Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina

A

Fourth cervical vertebra

47
Q

What is the central ray angle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina

A

15 to 20 degrees caudad

48
Q

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine

A

Those closest to the IR

49
Q

The respiration phase for an AP or PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine is

A

Suspended respiration

50
Q

What will demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection

A

Swimmer’s technique

51
Q

The swimmer’s technique demonstrates the cervicothoracic region in which projection

A

Lateral

52
Q

The swimmer’s technique lateral projection is performed to demonstrate the

A

Cervicothoracic vertebrae

53
Q

Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s technique)

A

C7-T1 interspace

54
Q

What is the central ray angulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s technique) when the shoulder can be depressed

A

0 degrees

55
Q

Where is the central ray directed for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s technique)

A

C7-T1 interspace

56
Q

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled

A

3-5 degrees caudad

57
Q

For the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the recommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is moved

A

Anteriorly

58
Q

Where should the superior edge of the IR/collimated field be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae

A

1 to 2inches above the shoulders

59
Q

What should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an AP thoracic spine

A

Flex the hips

Flex the knees

60
Q

Where should the cathode end of an X-ray be placed for an AP thoracic spine to take advantage of the “heel effect” of the tube

A

Towards the feet

61
Q

Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine

A

At right angles to the long axis of the body

62
Q

What is the central ray angulation for the lateral projection of the thoracic spine if the vertebral column is not elevated to a horizontal plane

A

10 to 15 degrees cephalad

63
Q

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine

A

Level of T7

64
Q

How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column

A

24

65
Q

The articulation surfaces of the articular process of the vertebrae are covered with fibrocartilage. These surfaces are called

A

Facets

66
Q

The articulating facet on the inferior articular process of the vertebrae is located on its___surface

A

Anterior

67
Q

The articulating facet on the superior articular process of the vertebrae is located on its_____surface

A

Posterior

68
Q

Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch

A

Cervical

69
Q

The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the

A

Dens

Spinal cord

70
Q

The second cervical vertebra is called the

A

Axis

71
Q

How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra

A

Three

72
Q

The superior and inferior articular processes of the cervical spine form thick columns called the

A

Articular pillars

73
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae contain only a single costal facet on each side of its body

A

T10, T11, T12

74
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process

A

T1-T10

75
Q

All of the joints of the vertebral column are synovial-freely movable-except one. Which one is not

A

Intervertebral

76
Q

The intervertebral joints of the spinal column are classified as

A

Cartilaginous, symphysis

77
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebral column are classified as

A

Synovial, gliding

78
Q

One-fourth of the length of the vertebral column is made up of the

A

Intervertebral disks

79
Q

A fracture of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension is termed a___fracture

A

Hangman

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