Patho End Flashcards
A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a
Disease Process
Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells is called
Neoplasia
Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by
Hyperemia
Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammation process known as
Toxins
Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis is called
A Granuloma
An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called
Anasacra
An inflammation associated with pus formation is
Suppurative
The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is
Exudate
The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is
Exudate
The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called
Transudate
A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called
Ecchymosis
An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as
Hematoma
When a reduction in the size or number of cells is an organ occurs, this results in
Atrophy
The study of neoplasms or tumors is called
Oncology
Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are
Adenomas
Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity is called
Seeding
The major metastatic route of carcinomas is
Lymphatic spread
Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as
Grading
To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be
Staged
The most common hereditary abnormality is
Enzyme deficiency
A gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is called
Dominant
The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS in the central nervous system is
MRI
All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation
Callus, Ascites, Pneumonia
Rupture of a blood vessel
Hemorrhage
Larger areas of bleeding into the skin
Purpura
Large (>1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous bruise
Ecchymosis
An accumulation of blood in the tissue
Hematoma
Minimal bleeding into the skin or mucous membrane
Petechiae
Failure of normal development causing smaller cells
Hypoplasia
Number of cells in the tissue increases
Hyperplasia
Loss of uniformity of individual cells
Dysplasia
Increased size of the cells
Hypertrophy
Reduction in the number or size of cells
Atrophy
Forming benign large cystic masses
Cystadenoma
Composed of blood vessels
Angioma
Benign tumor consisting of fibrous tissues
Fibroma
Glandular cell malignancy
Adenocarcinoma
Tumor that grows in a glandlike pattern
Adenoma
A malignant tumor arising from connective tissue
Sarcoma
A cartilaginous tumor that is benign
Chondroma
malignancy of epithelial cell origin
Carcinoma
Soft, fatty tissue tumor
Lipoma
Recognition of foreign substance
Antigen
Chemically altered poisonous material
Toxoid
Binds with foreign substance to make harmless
Antibody
Low dose of dead or deactivated bacteria or virus
Vaccine
Form in lymphoid tissue
Immunoglobulin
Body makes harmless
Immune
The lower respiratory system consists of the
Trachea, Bronchi, and Bronchioles
The thin-walled sac wheere oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood in the pulmonary circulatory system is a
Alveolus
The blood supply to nourish and support lung tissue is the
Bronchial circulation
For what purpose is a chest radiograph obtained after endotracheal tube insertion
To ensure proper placement and position
What is the common result of an endotracheal tube that is positioned too low and into the right main bronchus
Left lung atelectasis
Which type of internal device is used for chemotherapy and long-term venous access
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
The newborn who experiences underaeration of the lung resulting from the lack of surfactant has
Hyaline membrane disease
Croup is a
Viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea
An inflammatory exudate caused by pneumococcus causing the affected lung to appear solid is
Alveolar pneumonia
Sharply circumscribed encapsulation of the tuberculosis bacilli is known as a
Tuberculoma
The hallmark of pulmonary overinflation is cases of emphysema is
Flattened diaphragms
Squamous carcinoma typically arises from the_____causing gradual narrowing of the bronchial lumen
Major central bronchi
The most common malignant lung neoplasm arising from the mucosa of the bronchial tree is
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Inflammation caused by bacillus (mycobacterium) resulting in lesions or cavities that may calcify in the apices is known as
Tuberculosis
Stomach, thyroid, and pancreas carcinomas metastasize to the lung by
Lymphangitic spread
Thymoma is a lesion in the ____mediastinum
Anterior
The posterior mediastinum is the location of
Aneurysms of the descending aorta
Permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic components of the bronchial wall defines
Bronchiectasis
Pneumococcal infection causing affected lung to appear solid
Alveolar pneumonia
Staphylococcal infection originating in the bronchi or bronchial mucosa
Bronchopneumonia
Viral or fungal infection preponderantly in the alveoli
Interstitial pneumonia
Esophageal or gastric contents in the lung cause pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Bone that develops within the connective tissue is called
Intramembranous ossification
A rare hereditary bone dysplasia involving the bone resorption mechanism of calcified cartilage is
Osteopetrosis
For brittle bone disease, the radiographer should
Decrease the exposure factors
The disease process that begins as an inflammation of the synovial membrane causing synovial proliferation is called
Rheumatiod arthritis
The most common form of degenerative arthritis that has osteophyte development is
Osteoarthritis
Which of the following results when a pyogenic organism enters the joint through the blood, direct extension or trauma
Infectious arthritis
A disease process usually caused by accelerated bone resorption results in
Osteoporosis
Insufficient mineralization of the adult skeleton appearing as a loss of bone density is
Osteomalacia
In Paget’s disease, the beginning phase involves bone
Destruction
Lobulated borders from endosteal scalloping containing focal areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images are suggestive of an
Enchondroma
The bone lesion typically seen as a small (<1 cm) round area with a lucent center is a
Osteoid osteoma
An expansile lucent lesion demonstrating a sharp demarcation from normal adjacent bone having a thin sclerotic rim is a
Unicameral cyst
For detecting asymptomatic bone metastasis, the modality of choice is
Radionuclide bone scan
A fracture resulting from a weakness in the bone is caused by a tumor or infection is known as what type of fracture
Pathologic
Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
Epiphysis
Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
Appositional growth
Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
Trabeculae
Cell that removes bone
Osteoclast
Bone destruction throughout life
Resorption
Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate
Metaphysis
Tubelike structure within the shaft
Medullary cavity
Bone matrix consist of complex structural units, haversian system
Compact bone
Weblike arrangement of marrow filled spaces
Spongy bone
Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
Endosteum
Most common malignant tumors
Bone metastasis
Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
Osteoma
Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
Giant cell tumor
Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
Osteochondroma
Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
Enchondroma
Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
Multiple myeloma
Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
Chondrosarcoma
Difficult to penetrate, increase factors
Osteoid osteoma
No change in bone, no change in factors
Osteoarthritis
Easy to penetrate, decrease factors
Osteogenic imperfecta
Easy to penetrate, increase factors
Osteoporosis
Difficult to penetrate, increase factors
Osteopetrosis
Which type of severe infection occurs almost exclusively in diabetic patients and causes acute necrosis of the entire kidney
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
Which imaging modality is the safest and most accurate in detecting renal calculi
Noncontrast helical CT
What term is applied to a renal calculus that completely fills the renal pelvis
Staghorn calculus
What is nephrocalcinosis
A condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma
Calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma are termed
Nephrocalcinosis
What population is most likely to develop stones in the urinary bladder
Elderly males
The most common renal neoplasm is a
Hypernephroma
Which are causes of enlarged kedneys
Polycystic renal disease
Renal vein thrombosis
Which are causes of small kidneys with smooth contours
Nephrosclerosis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Nonsuppurative inflammation of the tuft of the capillaries in the Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cystitis
A destructive condition involving the terminal portion of the renal pyramids
Papillary necrosis
