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Radiology courses > Upper Extremity Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones does the hand contain

A

27 bones

8 Carpals

5 Metacarpals (1-5)

14 Phalanges — Phalanges (Plural) Phalanx (Singular)

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2
Q

5 Metacarpals (1-5)

A

The metacarpals compose the palm of the hand (metacarpus).

They are identified by numbers, laterally to medially.

The heads of the metacarpals are distal and articulate with the phalanges.

The bases are proximal and articulate with the carpals.

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3
Q

14 Phalanges — Phalanges (Plural) Phalanx (Singular)

A

Proximal Phalanges (1-5)

Middle Phalanges (2-5) (The thumb does not have a middle phalanx)

Distal Phalanges (1-5)

The phalanges compose the digits.

They are numbered 1-5 laterally to medially.

There are three planges in digits 2 to 5, but only two in the first digit (thumb).

They are named by location (i.e., distal phalanx of third digit).

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4
Q

Carpal bones (Latin and English)

A 
Latin                            English
Scaphoid                    Navicular
Semilunar                   Lunate
Triquetral                    Triangular
Os Pisiforme              Pisiform
Trapezium                  Gr Multangular
Trapezoid                   Lesser Mult.
Os Magnum               Capitate
Unciform                    Hamate
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5
Q

Radiocarpal (Wrist)

A

Formed by the radius and scaphoid, semi lunar and triquetral.

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6
Q

Intercarpals

A

Joints between adjacent carpal bones.

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7
Q

Carpometacarpals

A

Joints between the distal row of carpals and the bases of the adjacent metacarpal bones.

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8
Q

Intermetacarpals

A

Joints between the bases of an adjacent metacarpals.

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9
Q

Metacarpophalangeal (MP or MCP)

A

Joint between the distal end of a metacarpal (head) and the base of the proximal phalanx of a digit.

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10
Q

Interphalangeal (IP)

A

Joints between the phalanges of a digit (there is only one interphalangeal joint in the thumb).

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11
Q

Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP)

A

Joint between the head of the proximal phalanx and the base of the middle phalanx of a digit.

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12
Q

Distal Interphalangeal (DIP)

A

Joint between the head of the middle phalanx and the base of the distal phalanx of a digit.

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13
Q

Anatomy of the Forearm (Antebrachium)

A

The forearm has two long bones, the radius and ulna that reach from the elbow to the wrist. When the upper limb is in the anatomical position, the two bones are parallel to each other with the radius on the lateral side (thumb side).

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14
Q

Radius

A

The lateral bone of the forearm. It has a proximal end, a body and a distal end.

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15
Q

The Radial Head (Radius)

A

The upper expanded disclike end, with a slightly concave upper articular surface. The head is at the proximal end and articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

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16
Q

The Radial Neck (Radius)

A

The constricted part distal to the head, connecting the head to the body.

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17
Q

The Radial Tuberosity (Radius)

A

A rough prominence on the anteromedial surface of the radius below its neck. The biceps tendon inserts into it.

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18
Q

(Radius) The Proximal End Has:

A
  1. The Radial Head
  2. The Radial Neck
  3. The Radial Tuberosity
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19
Q

(Radius) The Distal End Has:

A
  1. The Styloid Process

2. The Ulnar Notch

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20
Q

The Styloid Process (Radius)

A

A large bony prominence (pointed projection) on the lateral border and distal end of the radius.

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21
Q

The Ulnar Notch (Radius)

A

A small depression on the medial margin of the distal end of the radius above its articular surface.

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22
Q

Ulna

A

The medial bone of the forearm. It has a proximal end, a body and a distal end.

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23
Q

(Ulna) The Proximal End Has:

A
  1. The Olecranon
  2. The Coronoid Process
  3. The Trochlear Notch (Semilunar Notch)
  4. The Radial Notch
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24
Q

(Ulna) The Distal End Has:

A
  1. The Head

2. The Styloid Process

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25
Q
  1. The Olecranon (Ulna)
A

The bluntly rounded upper end of the trochlear notch that lies posterior to the elbow joint. The olecranon fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the bony point of the elbow.

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26
Q
  1. The Coronoid Process (Ulna)
A

Extends anteriorly from the upper part of the body of the ulna. It is beaklike and is the lower end of the trochear notch. It lies below and anterior to the olecranon. It fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus.

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27
Q
  1. The Trochlear Notch (Semilunar Notch) (Ulna)
A

A concave half-moon shaped hollow on the anterior surface of the upper ulna.

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28
Q
  1. The Radial Notch (Ulna)
A

A depression on the lateral surface of the upper ulna below the trochlear notch. The head of the radius fits into the radial notch.

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29
Q
  1. The Head (Ulna)
A

The lower expanded end that can be felt through the skin at the distal end of the ulna.

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30
Q
  1. The Styloid Process (Ulna)
A

A small, pointed prominence that extends distally from the posteromedial border of the ulnar head.

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31
Q

The Humerus

A

A long cylindrical bone that reaches from the shoulder to the elbow. Has a proximal end, a body and a distal end.

32
Q

(Humerus) The Proximal End Has:

A
  1. The Head
  2. The Anatomical Neck
  3. The Greater Tubercle
  4. The Lesser Tubercle
  5. The Intertubercular Groove (Bicipital Groove)
  6. The Surgical Neck
33
Q

The Head (Humerus)

A

The superior expanded smooth, rounded end. The head fits into the scapula.

34
Q

The Anatomical Neck (Humerus)

A

The slightly constricted, obliquely directed, part of the humerus between the head and the remainder of the bone.

35
Q

The Greater Tubercle (Humerus)

A

A large bony prominence on the lateral border of the humerus just below the anatomical neck.

36
Q

The Lesser Tubercle (Humerus)

A

A smaller bony prominence on the anterior surface of the humerus just below the anatomical neck.

37
Q

The Intertubercular Groove (Bicipital Groove) (Humerus)

A

A furrow that extends longitudinally on the anterior surface of the upper humerus between the greater and lesser tubercles. The biceps attaches at the bicipital groove and the radial tuberosity.

38
Q

The Surgical Neck (Humerus)

A

The constricted part of the humerus below the tubercles. It is named the surgical neck because fractures often occur here.

39
Q

The Body of a Humerus has:

A

The Deltoid Tubercle - A rough prominence on the anterolateral surface of the humerus close to its midpoint where the deltoid muscle inserts.

40
Q

(Humerus) The Distal End (Condyle) Has:

A
  1. The Capitulum (Little Head)
  2. The Trochlea (Pulley)
  3. The Coronoid Fossa
  4. The Radial Fossa
  5. The Olecranon Fossa
  6. The Medial Epicondyle
  7. The Lateral Epicondyle
  8. The Ulnar Groove (The Funny Bone)
41
Q

The Capitulum (Little Head) (Humerus)

A

A small rounded prominence forming the lateral part of the lower articular end of the humerus. It articulates with the radius.

42
Q

The Trochlea (Pulley) (Humerus)

A

Forms the medial part of the distal articular surface of the humerus. It is shaped like a pulley or spool. It articulates with the ulna.

43
Q

The Coronoid Fossa (Humerus)

A

A depression on the front of the lower humerus immediately above the trochlea.

44
Q

The Radial Fossa (Humerus)

A

A small depression in the front of the lower humerus above the capitulum. The head of the radius fits into it with the flexion of the forearm.

45
Q

The Olecranon Fossa (Humerus)

A

A depression on the back of the lower humerus above the trochlea. The olecranon fits into it when the forearm is extended.

46
Q

The Medial Epicondyle (Humerus)

A

a knuckle like rounded bony prominence on the medial border of the lower humerus above the trochlea.

47
Q

The Lateral Epicondyle (Humerus)

A

A similar but smaller bony prominence on the lateral margin of the lower humerus above the capitulum.

48
Q

The Ulnar Groove (The Funny Bone) (Humerus)

A

A furrow on the dorsal surface of the medial epicondyle where the ulnar nerve descends to the forearm. The ulnar groove is the source of the “funny bone”, the palpable area on the underside of the elbow joint.

49
Q

The Shoulder Girdle (Pectoral Girdle)

A

The shoulder girdle consists of 2 bones; the clavicle and scapula. The shoulder girdle is the connection between the upper extremity and the axial skeletal.

50
Q

The Clavicle (Collarbone)

A

A long, flat bone that extends from the shoulder to the sternum. It artculates with the sternum medially and the scapula laterally.

51
Q

Acromial Extremity (End) (Clavicle)

A

The lateral end that articulates with the acromion on of the scapula.

52
Q

Sternal Extremity (End) (Clavicle)

A

The medial end that articulates with the sternum.

53
Q

Body (Clavicle)

A

The shaft of bone between the acromial and sternal ends

54
Q

The Conoid Tubercle (Clavicle)

A

A small rough prominence on the posterior margin of the inferior surface of the clavicle towards its acromial end.

55
Q

The Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

A

A flat, triangular bone that lies against the upper, posterior lateral chest wall. It articulates with the clavicle and humerus.

56
Q

The Body (Scapula)

A

Is flat and triangular and has three borders and three angles.

57
Q

The Medial (Vertebral) Border (Scapula)

A

The margin closest to the median line of the body and to the thoracic vertebrae.

58
Q

The Lateral (Axillary) Border (Scapula)

A

The margin farthest away from the median line of the body and adjacent to the posterior border of the armpit or axilla.

59
Q

The Superior Border (Scapula)

A

The short upper margin. Close to its lateral end is a suprascapular notch.

60
Q

The Medial Angle (Scapula)

A

Is at it’s upper medial part where the superior and medial borders meet.

61
Q

The Inferior Angle (Scapula)

A

The lower rounded end of the scapula with the medial and lateral borders meet.

62
Q

The Lateral Angle (Scapula)

A

Located at the junction of the superior and lateral borders.

63
Q

The Spine (Scapula)

A

A narrow ridge of bone that projects posteriorly from the posterior surface of the body above its midpoint. It passes transversely from the medial to the lateral border. The supraspinatus fossa is above and the infraspinatus fossa is below the spine.

64
Q

The Acromion (Scapula)

A

The flat rounded lateral end of the spine. It forms the point of the shoulder.

65
Q

The Head (Scapula)

A

The poorly formed and slightly expanded lateral upper part of the scapula.

66
Q

The Glenoid Cavity (Glenoid Fossa) (Scapula)

A

An oval depression on the lateral surface of the head of the scapula.

67
Q

The Neck (Scapula)

A

The slightly constricted part continuous with the upper part of the body between the body and the head.

68
Q

The Coracoid Process (Scapula)

A

It is the beaklike or hooklike projection originating from the anterior border of the neck of the scapula.

69
Q

The elbow joint consists of the following articulations:

A

*Captiulum with the Radial Head (Humeroradial).

Radial Fossa with the Radial Head.

*Trochlea with theTrochlear Notch (Ulna) (Humeroulnar).

Coronoid Fossa with the Cornoid Process (Ulna).

Olecranon Fossa with the Olecranon Process (Ulna).

70
Q

The Distal Radioulnar Joint (Nearest the Wrist)

A

Is formed by the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius.

71
Q

The Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A

Is formed by the radial head and the radial notch of the ulna.

72
Q

The Shoulder Girdle

A

Is formed by the scapula and clavicle.

73
Q

The ShoulderJoint (Scapulohumeral or Glenohumeral Joint)

A

Is formed by the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the humeral head.

74
Q

The Acromioclavicular Joint (AC Joint)

A

Is located at the lateral end of the clavicle at the tip of the shoulder and is formed by the acromial end of the clavicle and the medial border of the acromion of the scapula.

75
Q

The Sternoclavicular Joint (SC Joint)

A

Is located at the upper, lateral margin of the manubrium and is formed by the sternal end of the clavicle articulating with the clavicular notch and adjacent margin of the sternum.

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