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Radiology courses > Skeletal Pathology Section 3 > Flashcards

Skeletal Pathology Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Complete Fracture

A

Results in two bone fragments

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2
Q

Incomplete Fractures

A

One side of the bone cortex is intact

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3
Q

Open Fracture (Compound)

A

Fracture with associated skin wound

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4
Q

Closed Fracture

A

Fracture with skin intact

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5
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

The Line is horizontal to the long axis of the bone. Runs at a right angle of the bone.

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6
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

The line extends at an angle to the long axis of the bone. Runs at about a 45-degree angle of the bone.

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7
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

Small fragments pulled from bone by attached ligaments or tendons

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8
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

A line that encircles a bone. Usually caused by twisting.

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9
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

More than two bone fragments

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10
Q

Butterfly Fracture

A

Triangular fragments separated from two larger fragments. Generally detached

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11
Q

Segmental fracture

A

a piece of the shaft that is separated by proximal and distal fracture lines

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12
Q

Compression fracture

A

Compacts the trabeculae

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13
Q

Depressed fracture

A

The fragment is driven inward, e.g. skull fragment pushed into the brain

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14
Q

Spiral fracture

A

The fracture line encircles the shaft

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15
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Occurs in immature bone; one side of the cortex remains intact

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16
Q

Torus (Buckle) fracture

A

Compaction of one side of the cortex

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17
Q

Bowing fracture

A

Plastic deformity of the bone

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18
Q

Undisplaced

A

Fragments are not angled or seperated, bones are still aligned with each other

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19
Q

Displacement

A

Described by direction of distal fragment in relation to te proximal fragment

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20
Q

Angulation

A

Angular deformity of the axes of the major fracture fragments

21
Q

Dislocation

A

Separation of two bones where they meet at the bones

22
Q

Fracture healing

A

Radiographic evidence is a continuous external bridge of callus (calcium deposition) that unites the fracture fragment

23
Q

Malunion (Bad)

A

The fracture heals in a deformed position

24
Q

DelayedUnion

A

Fracture takes longer to heal than normal

25
Q

NonUnion

A

A fracture that does not heal and remain separated

26
Q

Pathologic Fractures

A

Occur in diseased bones

Stress or force is usually not significant enough to cause a fracture in healthy bone

27
Q

Stress Fractures

A

Response of bone to repeated stressors, none of which alone would cause a fracture.

28
Q

Battered Child Syndrome

A

Refers to multiple, repeated, physically induced injuries in young children caused by parents or guardians

It is also known as suspected nonaccidental trauma (SNAT)

Imaging professionals have a legal responsibility to report suspicious cases to their supervisors.

29
Q

Colles Fractures

A

Transverse fracture through the distal radius with dorsal angulation.
Common for ulnar styloid to fracture also

30
Q

Boxer’s Fractures

A

Transverse of the neck of the 5th metacarpal with palmar angulation of the distal fragment
Often caused by hitting an object with a closed fist

31
Q

Navicular Fracture (Scaphoid)

A

Most common of carpal bones

Nonunion is a serious complication

32
Q

Elbow Fractures

A

Look for the displacement of fat pads. The posterior fat pad is more sensitive

33
Q

Monteggia fracture

A

Ulnar shaft fracture associated with anterior dislocation of the radius at the elbow

34
Q

Galeazzi Fracture

A

Radial shaft fracture and dorsal dislocation of the ulna at the wrist

35
Q

Pott’s Fracture

A

Fracture of both malleoli with ankle dislocation

36
Q

Bimalleolar Fracture

A

Fracture of both malleoli

One side is usually spiral or oblique and the other is transverse

37
Q

Trimalleolar fracture

A

Both malleoli and the posterior lip of the tibia; Usually represent fracture-dislocations

38
Q

Jones Fracture

A

Transverse fracture to the base of the 5th metatarsal.

39
Q

Common dislocations

A

The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint

Most are dislocated anteriorly

40
Q

Fractures of the spine

A

Classified as either stable or unstable

Stable fractures leave one of the two major columns of the spine intact

Unstable fractures disrupt both major columns

41
Q

Jefferson spine fracture

A

Comminuted fracture of the C1
C1 is the ring of the atlas

Involves both anterior and posterior

42
Q

Odontoid fractures

A

Most occur at the base of dens (Odontoid). Usually a transverse fracture.
C2 is the odontoid or known as the axis bone

43
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the C2 arch with subluxation of C2-C3. Common fracture of people in motor vehicle accidents

44
Q

Clays Shoveler’s Fracture

A

An avulsion fracture of a spinous process in the lower C-spine or upper T-spine

45
Q

Seat belt fracture

A

Transverse fracture of the lumbar vertebral body

Associated with severe visceral injuries

46
Q

Herniation of Intervertebral disks

A

Protrusion of a portion of the disk

Most common sites: L4-L5, L5-S1, C5-C6, C6-C7, T9-T12

47
Q

Scoliosis

A

A twisting and curvature of the vertebral column in the lateral perspective
It’s generally shaped somewhat like an S

The most common types of scoliosis: Idiopathic, functional, Neuromuscular, degenerative

48
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Is a cleft in the pars interarticularis without displacement.

Usually bilateral

The most common site is L5

49
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Is the forward displacement of one vertebra on another

It causes chronic back pain

It May be caused by spondylolysis

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