Urinary System Pathology section 2 Flashcards
Hypernephroma
The most common renal cell carcinoma
Uremia
Excessive amounts of urea and nitrogen in the blood
Patients with polycystic kidney disease, about
10% have one or more saccular (berry) aneurysms of cerebral arteries. Many are hypertensive. Most are asymptomatic during the first 3 decades of life.
Renal carcinoma
Known as hypernephroma
Most common renal neoplasm
Mostly in patients older than 40
Renal carcinoma originates in the
Tubular epithelium of the renal cortex
Classic symptom triad:
Hematuria
Flank pain
Palpable abdominal mass
Wilms’ Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
Most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood.
Arises from embryonic renal tissue
May be bilateral
Becomes very large and appears as a palpable mass
Neuroblastoma is
Tumor of the adrenal medullary origin
Carcinoma of the bladder
Most commonly originates in the epithelium
Referred to as urothelial carcinoma
Most common in men over the age of 50. 4th most common cancer in men
Renal vein thrombosis (clots)
Mostly occurs in children who are severely dehydrated
In adults, is most often a complication of another renal disease
Acute renal failure
Rapid deterioration in kidney function
Results in the accumulation of nitrogen-containing wastes in the blood
Causes a urine-like odor or fishy breath. Ultrasound
Prerenal failure causes are
Decreased blood flow to the kidney, cardiac failure, and renal artery obstruction
Postrenal failure causes are
Urine outflow obstruction from both kidneys
Prostatic disease
Functional obstruction of the bladder neck
Chronic renal failure
May reflect prerenal, postrenal, or intrinsic kidney disease. Ultrasound
Causes of chronic renal failure
Bilateral renal artery stenosis
Bilateral ureteral obstruction
Intrinsic renal disorders
What term refers to a primary cancer of the kidney
Hypernephroma
