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Radiology courses > Urinary System Anatomy > Flashcards

Urinary System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary system do

A

Eliminates waste products from the body and maintains fluid/salt balance.

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2
Q

Urinary system is often called the

A

Excretory system

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3
Q

The urinary system is composed of

A

Two kidneys

Two ureters

One urinary bladder

One urethra

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4
Q

What are the functions of the Kidneys

A

Secreting urine

Regulate fluids and electrolytes

Renin production

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5
Q

Renin is a

A

Vasoconstrictor

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6
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

The upper posterior abdomen, retroperitoneal, and in contact with the posterior abdominal wall

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7
Q

The kidney looks like

A

Bean shaped bodies with convex lateral borders and concave medial borders

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8
Q

Kidneys extend from approximately

A

T12 to L3 on either side of the spine

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9
Q

The top of the kidney is more

A

Posterior than the inferior aspect

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10
Q

Kidneys are divided into upper and lower poles and measure approximately

A

4 1/2 inches long, 2 to 3 inches wide and 1 1/4 inches thick

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11
Q

The right kidney is

A

Slightly lower than the left

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12
Q

The left kidney is

A

Slightly longer and narrower

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13
Q

The renal capsule is

A

The outer covering of the kidney

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14
Q

Renal cortex is

A

The outer layer of renal tissue

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15
Q

Renal medulla is

A

The inner layer of renal tissue

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16
Q

The renal medulla is composed of

A

8 to 15 cone-shaped segments of collecting tubules

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17
Q

Renal pyramids are

A

The collecting tubules

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18
Q

Renal columns are

A

The extensions of the cortex between the renal pyramids

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19
Q

Nephron is

A

The essential microscope component of the kidney

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20
Q

The collecting ducts

A

Converge to form a central tubule within the pyramid. It opens at the renal papilla and drains into the minor calyx

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21
Q

Calyces are

A

The cup-shaped stems that enclose one or more papilla, are in the center of each kidney that receives the urine from collecting ducts

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22
Q

Minor calyces

A

Unite to form the major calyces

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23
Q

Major calyces

A

Unite to form the renal pelvis

24
Q

The Renal pelvis lies

A

Within the hilum and is continuous with the ureter

25
Q

The nephron is the

A

The functional unit of the Kidney

26
Q

Nephrons are

A

Microscopic components of the parenchyma of the kidney

27
Q

Each kidney contains how many nephrons

A

One million

28
Q

The nephron consists of two parts

A

Renal corpuscle

Renal tubule

29
Q

The renal corpuscle consists of

A

Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

Glomerulus

Afferent arteriole

Efferent arteriole

30
Q

Glomerulus are

A

Formed by the cluster of blood capillaries contained within the capsule of a nephron.

31
Q

An afferent arteriole is a

A

Vessel entering the capsule

32
Q

An efferent arteriole is a

A

Vessel exiting the capsule

33
Q

The glomerulus is also a

A

Filter for blood, allowing fine particles and water to pass into the capsule

34
Q

The renal tubule is with the capsule and consists of

A

A proximal convoluted tubule

The nephron loop (loop of Henle)

The distal convoluted tubule

35
Q

The distal convoluted tubule opens into

A

The collecting ducts

36
Q

The Ureter is how long

A

10 to 12 inches long

37
Q

The ureter enters the

A

The posterolateral surface of the bladder and conveys urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder via peristaltic contractions

38
Q

The urinary bladder is a

A

Musclomembranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine

39
Q

The urinary bladder is located

A

Immediately posterior and superior to the pubic symphysis

40
Q

The bladder is anterior to the

A

rectum in males and anterior to the vaginal canal in females

41
Q

Parts of the urinary bladder

A

Apex

Neck

Trigone

42
Q

The apex of the urinary bladder is

A

The anterosuperior aspect

43
Q

The neck of the urinary bladder is

A

The lowest part

44
Q

The Trigone is the

A

Triangular area of the bladder base between three openings:
Two for ureters
One internal urethral orifice

45
Q

What does the urethra do

A

Conveys urine out of the body

46
Q

How long is the urethra

A

Approximately 1 1/2 inches long in females and approximately 7 to 8 inches long in males

47
Q

The prostate is a

A

Smaller glandular body surrounding the proximal part of the male urethra

48
Q

The prostate is considered part of the

A

Male reproductive system, but because of its location, it is often described with the urinary system

49
Q

The prostate measures approximately

A

1 1/2 inches transversely, 3/4 inch at its base, and 1 inch vertically

50
Q

How does the renal blood flow

A

Abdominal aorta-Renal artery-Hilum of kidney-Afferent arteriole-Glomerular capsule-Efferent arteriole-Peritubular capillaries-Renal vein-Inferior Vena cava

51
Q

The formation and secretion of urine involves 3 steps

A

Filtration

Reabsorption

Selective Secretion

52
Q

Filtration is the process of

A

Pulling out unwanted materials from the blood via the glomeruli

53
Q

How many quarts of fluid are filtered through the kidney in 24 hours

A

190 quarts

54
Q

Reabsorption is the process in which

A

Filtrate in the distal and proximal collecting tubules is reabsorbed by peritubular capillaries.

55
Q

Reabsorbed materials include

A

Water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids, potassium, NaCl, and nitrogenous wastes

56
Q

Selective secretion is the process of

A

Unwanted materials being secreted into the distal convoluted tubule

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