Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Coronary artery disease
Narrowing of the lumen of one or more of the coronary arteries.
Most common cause of atherosclerosis.
Predisposing factors of Coronary artery disease
Hypertension
Obesity
Smoking
High-cholesterol diet
Lack of exercise
Congestive heart failure
The inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply of tissue
Pulmonary edema
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues.
Most common cause is an elevation of the pulmonary venous pressure
Hypertension
High blood pressure
The leading cause of strokes and CHF
Hypertensive heart disease
Long standing high blood pressure causes narrowing of systemic blood vessels and an increased resistance of blood flow
Left ventricle is forced to assume an increased work load, which initially causes hypertrophy.
Aneurysm
Localized dilatation of an artery that most commonly involves the aorta, especially its abdominal portion.
Types of aneurysm
Saccular and Fusiform
Saccular aneurysm
Involves only one side of the arterial wall
Fusiform aneurysm
Is bulging of the entire circumference of the vessel wall.
Traumatic aortic rupture
Potentially fatal complication of closed chest trauma such as,
Rapid deceleration
Blast
Compression
Usually the aortic tear occurs distal to the left subclavian artery at the side of the ductus arteriosus.
Aortic Dissection
Potentially life threatening condition in which disruption of the intima (inner lining) permits blood to enter the wall of the aorta and seperate its layers
Creates a true and false lumen aorta
False lumen may form an aneurysm as a result of high pressure in the systemic vascular system
Most common in patients with arterial hypertension
Artherosclerosis
Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall.
A form of arteriosclerosis
Major cause of vascular disease of the extremities is arthersclerosis
Thrombus and embolism
Thrombus is an intravascular clot
Embolism is part or all of a thrombus that becomes detached from the vessel wall and enters the bloodstream.
Pericardial effusion
Accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart.
Rapid accumulation interferes with cardiac function because of an increase in pericardial pressure
