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Radiology courses > L-Spine > Flashcards

L-Spine Flashcards

1
Q

All are functions of the vertebral column except

A

Produces cerebrospinal fluid

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2
Q

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the

A

Sacroiliac jont

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3
Q

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column

A

33

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4
Q

How many vertebrae are there in the sacrum

A

5

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5
Q

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column should present how many curves

A

4

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6
Q

An abnormally increased concavity of the lumbar spine is termed

A

Lordosis

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7
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed

A

Scoliosis

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8
Q

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the ___ Joints

A

Zygapophyseal

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9
Q

The short, thick processes that project posteriorly on each side of the vertebral body are called

A

Pedicles

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10
Q

Spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the

A

Intervertebral foramina

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11
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the posterior midsagittal plane

A

30-60

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12
Q

The intervertebral foramina of the superior four lumbar vertebrae are situated how many degrees from the midsagittal plane

A

90

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13
Q

The condition of the lumbar spine in which there is anterior displacement of one vertebra over another is termed

A

Spondylolisthesis

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14
Q

On each side of the sacral base is a large winglike mass called the

A

Ala

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15
Q

The angle of the articulation between the sacrum and the ilia (sacroiliac joints) is____degrees

A

25 to 30

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16
Q

Which positioning maneuver helps to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for the AP projection

A

Flexing the hips and knees

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17
Q

Where is the central ray directed for an AP lumbosacral spine

A

Iliac crest

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18
Q

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine

A

Iliac crest

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19
Q

The phase of respiration for an AP projection of the lumbar spine is

A

Deep expiration

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20
Q

Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the table top and centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral lumbar spine

A

Midcoronal plane

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21
Q

All of the following might be used to provide an optimal image on a lateral projection of the lumbar spine, except

A

72-inch SID

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22
Q

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled

A

5 degrees for men, 8 degrees for women, cuadad

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23
Q

Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5-S1 lateral projection

A

2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches below the iliac crest

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24
Q

An alternate method of positioning the central ray for the L5-S1 lateral projection is

A

Parallel with the interiliac line

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25
Q

Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine

A

AP oblique

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26
Q

To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, MSP of the patient is rotated_____degrees

A

45

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27
Q

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine

A

Joints closest to the IR

28
Q

Where is the longitudinal plane of the lumbar spine positioned for the AP oblique projection

A

2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS

29
Q

The respiration phase for the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine is

A

Expiration

30
Q

What is the central ray centering point for an AP oblique lumbar spine

A

2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS and 1 to 1.5 inches above the iliac crest

31
Q

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a Scottie dog

A

AP oblique

PA oblique

32
Q

What is the central ray angle for the AP axial projection (Ferguson Method) of the lumbosacral junction

A

30 to 35 degrees cephalad

33
Q

How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction

A

Extended

34
Q

Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction

A

1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

35
Q

How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the sacroiliac joints

A

25 to 30

36
Q

Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint

A

Sagittal plane passing 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS

37
Q

The central ray angle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is

A

0 Degrees

38
Q

The central ray angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is

A

15 degrees cephalad

39
Q

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum

A

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

40
Q

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a PA projection performed. What is the central ray angle for this projection

A

15 degrees cuadad

41
Q

The central ray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is

A

10 degrees cuadad

42
Q

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP projection of the coccyx

A

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

43
Q

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a PA projection of the coccyx. What is the central ray angle for this projection

A

10 degrees cephalad

44
Q

Where is the central ray positioned for a lateral sacrum

A

At the level of the ASIS and 3 inches posterior

45
Q

Where is the central ray positioned for a lateral coccyx

A

3 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches inferior

46
Q

Which of the following devices should be used to improve image quality on the lateral projection of the sacrum or coccyx

Sandbags

Close collimation

Sheet of leaded rubber

A

Close collimation

Sheet of leaded rubber

47
Q

In reference to the ASIS, where is the central ray entrance for a lateral coccyx

A

3 inches posterior and 2 inches inferior

48
Q

The central ray angle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is

A

0 degrees

49
Q

Which method is used to evaluate the thoracic and lumbar spine during scoliosis radiography

A

Ferguson

50
Q

How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column

A

24

51
Q

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the

A

Vertebral foramen

52
Q

The articulating surfaces of the articular processes of the vertebrae are covered with a fibrocartilage. These surfaces are called

A

Facets

53
Q

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes on a typical lumbar vertebra is called the

A

Pars interarticularis

54
Q

All of the joints of the vertebral column are synovial-freely movable-except one, which one

A

Intervertebral

55
Q

The intervertebral joints of the vertebral column are classified as

A

Cartilaginous, symphysis

56
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebral column are classified as

A

Synovial, gliding

57
Q

To reduce distortion of the intervertebral joint spaces of the lumbar spine for an AP projection, an SID of___inches is suggested

A

48

58
Q

When only the lumbar vertebrae (not lumbosacral) are imaged in the AP projection, the central ray is directed___inches above the iliac crest

A

1.5

59
Q

One fourth of the length of the vertebral column is made up of the

A

Intervertebral disks

60
Q

The average range of the angle of the L4-S1 zygapophyseal joints are____degrees

A

45 to 60

61
Q

The average range of the angle of the L1-L3 zygapophyseal joints are___degrees

A

0 to 30

62
Q

What two vertebral areas have lordotic curves

A

Lumbar and cervical

63
Q

What two vertebral areas have kyphotic curves

A

Thoracic and sacrococcygeal

64
Q

Which two projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joints

A

PA oblique, RAO position

AP oblique, LPO

65
Q

A typical vertebra is composed of which two main parts

A

Body

Vertebral Arch

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