Urino-genital Anatomy - Male Flashcards
What is the inguinal canal?
Potential space between layers of the abdominal wall
2 passages which convey the spermatic chord or round ligament of uterus
Large and more prominent in males
What is the gap in the internal abdominal oblique called?
Deep inguinal ring
What is the gap in the external abdominal oblique and inguinal ligament?
Superficial inguinal ring
What is the opening of the inguinal canal called?
Vaginal ring
How is the inguinal canal developed?
Vaginal process (outpouch) of peritoneum pushes through and protrudes into the scrotum
What is an inguinal hernia?
Abdominal structures pass through vaginal ring into the inguinal canal
Why are pigs and rabbits more likely to get an inguinal hernia?
They have a superimposed superficial and deep inguinal ring
Why is sperm kept outside of the body in the scrotum?
Temperature sensitive - needs cooling
What aids the formation of the gonads, in particular the testes?
Gubernaculum
What are 3 reasons to neuter an animal?
Testosterone - aggression
Contraception
Health e.g. reduce cancers
What is within the scrotum to seperate each testicular? What other tissues are found in the testes?
Median septum
Lots of Sebaceous and sweat glands - heal badly
What is the blood supply to the scrotum?
Pudendal artery and vein
What are the 7 layers of the testes?
Skin Tunica Dartos External spermatic fascia Internal spermatic fascia Cremasteric spermatic fascia Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum
What is the function of the spermatic fascia?
Protection
What is the epididymis?
A duct within the testes, where sperm passes to the ductus deferens
made up of head, body and tail
What is the spermatic chord?
Ductus deferens, testicular vein and artery
In peritoneal fold (mesorchium)
What is the pampniform plexus? What is the function of this?
Veins in testes arranged in a mesh, encasing the testicular artery
Cools down blood via heat exchange
What is in the spermatic sac? how is it attached to the scrotum?
vaginal tunic - continuation of peritoneal cavity
Scrotal ligament -broken in closed castration
What is the proper name for a castration?
Orchidectomy
When doing an open castration, where is the incision made and is it sutured? Why?
Scrotum
Not sutured
Left to drain, heals badly due to sebaceous/sweat glands
Fills with inflammatory fluid which prevents infection in the peritoneal cavity
When performing a closed castration, which layers are cut through? Which ligament need breaking? What needs ligating?
Skin Tunica dartos External spermatic fascia
Scrotal ligament
Spermatic chord and neck of spermatic fascia
When doing an open castration, which ligament needs breaking and what needs ligating?
Ligament of tail of epididymis
Spermatic chord
What is the root of the penis attached to?
The ischium
What 2 types of erectile tissues are found in the penis?
Corpus spongiosum surrounding urethra
Corpus cavernous
What is the end of the penis called
Glans penis
What is the carpus cavernosum? What are the two types and which is found in horse/man and ruminants?
Erectile tissue, arranged as 2 fibrous crura
Musculocavernosus - human
Fibroelastic - s shaped, straightens when erected
What do carnivores have within their penis and why?
Os penis
Don’t need full erection to enter vagina, when fully erected ‘tying’
What is the blood supply to the penis?
Pudendal arteries and win
Is there any vascular connection between the two types of erectile tissues?
No
What is the function of the retractor penis muscle? Where is it?
Runs along ventral shaft, thin muscle
Retracts for protection
WHat is the function of the ischiocarvernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles?
Stop blood drainage during erections
Why do some animals have rhythmic contractions?
Increases the pressure to maintain the erection
In the glans penis of a dog, there are two parts. What are the proximal and distal parts called?
Proximal - bulbus glandis
Distal - pars longa glandis
What is the prepuce?
Tubular connective sheath covering free end of penis
Foreskin
What keeps the preputial orifice closed and retracts the prepuce?
Muscles
