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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Reproduction 4&5 > Flashcards

Reproduction 4&5 Flashcards

1
Q

What does MRP stand for?

A

Maternal recognition of pregnancy

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2
Q

What is the attachment period of dogs

A

3 weeks

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3
Q

WHen are most embryos lost?

A

Hatching or attachment

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4
Q

The endoderm becomes which features?

A

Digestive
Lungs
Endocrine

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5
Q

Mesoderm becomes what tissues?

A

Muscles
Skeletal tissue
Cardiac
Reproductive

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6
Q

Ectoderm becomes which tissues?

A

Nervous
skin
Hair

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7
Q

When do extraembryonic membranes begin forming?

A

Before attachment

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8
Q

What is the allantochorion? What does it do?

A

Foetal contribution to placenta

Provide attachment for endometrium

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9
Q

What is the difference between primate and non-primate placenta attach/?

A

Non-primate: longer, more layers between foetal and maternal blood

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10
Q

What does the placenta do? what glands does it contain? What do these do?

A

Allow metabolic exchange between mother and foetus
Transitional endocrine glands
Stimulate mammary tissue, foetal growth and hormones to maintain pregnancy

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of placenta? Which animals are they found in?

A

Contyledonary - ruminants

Diffuse - horse/pig

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12
Q

What type of structure if the contyledonary placenta?

A

Button like

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13
Q

What kind of placenta is the diffuse placenta?

A

Attachments all over

Microvilli

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14
Q

What blood vessels are found in the umbilicus cord? What else is found here?

A

Two arteries
One vein
Urachus

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15
Q

What is the urachus?

A

Part of the allantois

Drains urine from foetus

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16
Q

Early embryos have bipotential for gender. Which protein causes the Y chromosome? Do females have this?

A

SKY protein

No - males only

17
Q

In the male embryo, leydig cells produce what? What does this do?

A

Testosterone

Stimulate development of male duct

18
Q

At what stage of the pregnancy do female embryos have their complete tract?

A

1st trimester

19
Q

What is a freemartin in cattle?

A

Twins with 1 girl and 1 boy
Sharing placenta/blood supply
Testosterone enters female and causes sterility

20
Q

What does the hormone prostaglandin do? What affect does it have during early pregnancy? What about late pregnancy?

A

Inhibits progesterone
Causes luteolysis - termination
End of pregnancy - induces labour

21
Q

Describe stage 1 of parturition. Who initiates it?

A

Foetus - overcrowding —> corticoids.
Increases myometrial uterine contractions
Cervix softens and pelvic ligaments become more elastic/

22
Q

which molecule makes the pelvic ligaments elastic and softens the cervix?

A

Elastin

23
Q

What is stage 2 of parturition/

A 
allantois ruptures in vagina
Amnion may burst out of vulva or cover head of offspring
High oxytocin prostaglandin levels
Foetus expelled
Ferguson reflex
24
Q

Describe the Ferguson reflex in the 2nd stage of parturition

A

oxytocin increases uterine contractions when the foetus stretches the cervix
Causes prostaglandin release

25
Q

What can be given as a drug to induce labour? Why?

A

Oxytocin

Causes prostaglandin release

26
Q

What happens during stage 3 of parturition?

A

Myometrial contractions continue
High levels of oxytocin and prostaglandins
Oxytocin causes placenta release

27
Q

what is uterine involution? In which animals is it a problem? How can it be reversed?

A

Diary cows
Uterus returns to pre pregnant state
Suckling reflex

28
Q

How long is the bitch oestrus cycle/

A

150 days

29
Q

How long is the beef oestrus cycle?

A

50-60 days

30
Q

How long is the dairy oestrus cycle?

A

18-25 days

31
Q

Describe the stage of egg growth

A 
Germ cell cyst
Primordial oocyte
Primary oocyte
Secondary oocyte
Antral
Preovulatory 
Ovulation
Corpus luteum
32
Q

During what stages of egg growth is GnRH required?

A

Germ cell cyst— secondary oocyte = GnRH independent

Antral - corpus luteum = GnRH dependent

33
Q

What is the order of female puberty?

A

First oestrus
First ovulation
Age when can first support a successful pregnancy

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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