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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Hindlimb > Flashcards

Hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

The sacrum is not part of the hindlimb, but attaches to the pelvis at which joint? What type of joint is this? What does it do?

A

Sacroiliac
Fused, fibrous
Transmits force during locomotion

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2
Q

Where is the gluteal region?

A

Around the hip

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3
Q

Where is the thigh region?

A

From hip to stifle

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4
Q

Where is the crus region?

A

From stifle to hock

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5
Q

Where is the pes region?

A

From the tarsus down

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6
Q

The pelvis is a flat bone, composed of which 4 bones? Does it have a medullary cavity? What is the centre of the pelvis like?

A

Ischium, ileum, pubis, acetabulum
No medullary cavity
Spongy (called diploe)

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7
Q

Acetabulum articulates with the femur. Which ligament supports this articulation?

A

Round/Teres/femoral ligament

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8
Q

The acetabular notch is filled by which ligament?

A

Transverse ligament

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9
Q

What is the hole in the head of the femur called?

A

Fovea capitas

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10
Q

What passes through the obturator foramen?

A

Blood vessels

Nerves (obturator nerve)

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11
Q

What is different between the cat pelvis and dog pelvis?

A

Cat has parallel wings of ileum
Oval obturator foramen
No sacrotuberous ligament

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12
Q

What is the concavity called on the cranial aspect of the pelvis? What is it filled with?

A

Pecten

Prepubic tendon

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13
Q

How many ossification centres are in each half of the pelvis?

A

4
1 in each bone
Both halves fuse together before birth

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14
Q

Describe the proximal part of the femur

A

Head (fovea capitas)
Neck
Greater trochanter (lateral)
Lesser trochanter (medial)

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15
Q

Describe the distal part of the femur

A

2 condyles
2 fabellae, 1 patella, 1 popliteal
Trochlear ridges and trocheal groove

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16
Q

The patella is found in which tendon and what does it continue as?

A

Quadriceps tendon

Patella ligamnent

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17
Q

How many ossification centres are there in the femur and what are they?

A

4

Head, greater trochanter, neck, distal epiphysis

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18
Q

What is the difference between the cat and dog femur?

A

Cat has smaller greater trochanter and larger lesser trochanter
Don’t always have popliteal or lateral fabellae
Medial fabellae not ossified - can’t see on radiograph

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19
Q

What type of joint is a hip joint? Why is this slightly different?

A

Synovial

No collateral ligaments

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20
Q

What are some clinical issues with the hip?

A

Luxation

Subluxation in small dogs

21
Q

What are the palpable features of the proximal hindlimb?

A

Tuber sacral, tuber coxae, tuber ischium, wing of ilium

Greater trochanter

22
Q

Which muscles are abductors of the forelimb?

A

Gluteals

23
Q

What are the adductor of the hindlimb?

A 
GAPE
Gracilis
Pectineus
External obturator
Adductor
24
Q

Which muscles are the limb protractors/hip flexors?

A

Iliposoas
Sartorius
Rectus femoris (quads)
Tensor fascia latae

25
Q

Which muscles are the limb retractors/hip extensor?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendonosus
Biceps femoris

26
Q

Which muscles are the stifle flexors?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius

27
Q

Which muscles are stifle extensor?

A

Sartorius

Rectus femoris

28
Q

What makes up the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius
Pectineus
Femoral neurovascular bundle (VAN)

29
Q

Describe the proximal half of the tibia

A

Condyles, tibial tuberosity, intercondylar eminence

30
Q

Describe the distal end of the tibia

A

Cochlea

Medial malleolus

31
Q

How many ossification centres are their in the tibia?

A

4 - proximal, body, distal, tibial tuberosity

32
Q

How many ossification centres are there in the fibula?

A

3

33
Q

Which malleolus is found in the fibula?

A

Lateral

34
Q

What is the meniscus?

A

C shaped, wedge like cartilage found in stifle joint

35
Q

What is the function of the meniscus?

A

Stabilise stifle
Cushion
Proprioception - contains nerve endings

36
Q

What ligaments are found in the stifle joint?

A

transverse, meniscofemoral, meniscotibial, collateral, crucial

37
Q

What do the cruciate ligaments do? What are the 2 parts called?

A

Provide stability
Prevent rotation
Cranial, caudal

38
Q

What is different about the cat patella?

A

It is pointed

39
Q

Name the tarsal bones from proximal to distal row

A

Proximal - talus, calcaneus
Middle - central, 4th
Distal - 1st, 2nd, 3rd

40
Q

What is the surface of the tarsus called? What does it do?

A

Trochlea

Articulates with tibia, allows slight rotation

41
Q

Does the calcaneous articulate with the tibia/fibula? What is the tuberosity on it called? How many ossification centres?

A

No
Tuber calcanei
2

42
Q

What ligaments/structures are found in the tarsus/hock?

A

Collateral ligaments
Plantar ligament
Retinaculum
Fibrocartilage

43
Q

Does the pes have a stopper pad?

A

No

44
Q

Is a dew claw found in the HL?

A

Can be in dogs, less common than FL

Absent in cat

45
Q

What is the name of the Achilles’ tendon? Where does it insert/

A

Common calcanean tendon

Calcaneus

46
Q

Which lymph node in the hindlimb is used during meat inspection to check for illness? WHere is this?

A

Popliteal

behind stifle

47
Q

What is the blood supply to the hL?

A

External iliac artery (branches off aorta)
Becomes femoral artery (branches to give saphenous artery for supperficial paw blood)
Becomes popliteal artery
Then tibial artery

48
Q

What are the hock flexor muscles?

A 
Long fibular
Short fibular
Third fibular (not cats/dogs)
long digital extensor
Lateral digital extensor
49
Q

Which muscles are the hock extensor?

A

Superficial digital flexor

Deep digital flexor

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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